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IRIS: An Address Registry (areg) Type for the Internet Registry Information Service :: RFC4698








Network Working Group                                          E. Gunduz
Request for Comments: 4698                                      RIPE NCC
Category: Standards Track                                      A. Newton
                                                          VeriSign, Inc.
                                                                 S. Kerr
                                                                RIPE NCC
                                                            October 2006


                 IRIS: An Address Registry (areg) Type
             for the Internet Registry Information Service

Status of This Memo

   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

Abstract

   This document describes an IRIS registry schema for IP address and
   Autonomous System Number information.  The schema extends the
   necessary query and result operations of IRIS to provide the
   functional information service needs for syntaxes and results used by
   Internet Protocol address registries.




















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Table of Contents

   1. Introduction ....................................................3
   2. Document Terminology ............................................3
   3. Schema Description ..............................................3
      3.1. Query Derivatives ..........................................4
           3.1.1.  Query ................................4
           3.1.2.  .................................4
           3.1.3.  and
                   ................................5
           3.1.4.  .............................5
           3.1.5.  ..............................6
           3.1.6.  ....................................6
           3.1.7.  .....................................7
           3.1.8.  ..........................7
           3.1.9. Contact Search Group ................................8
           3.1.10. Common Search Group ................................8
           3.1.11. Match Parameters ...................................8
      3.2. Result Derivatives .........................................9
           3.2.1.  and  Results .............9
           3.2.2.  Result ..........................10
           3.2.3.  Result ...................................11
           3.2.4.  Result ..............................12
           3.2.5. Contact References .................................12
           3.2.6. Common Result Child Elements .......................13
      3.3. Support for  ...........................13
   4. Terminology for Nesting of Networks ............................14
   5. Formal XML Syntax ..............................................18
   6. BEEP Transport Compliance ......................................31
      6.1. Message Pattern ...........................................31
      6.2. Server Authentication .....................................31
   7. URI Resolution .................................................31
      7.1. Application Service Label .................................31
      7.2. Operational Considerations ................................31
      7.3. Top-Down Resolution .......................................31
   8. Internationalization Considerations ............................32
   9. IANA Considerations ............................................32
   10. Security Considerations .......................................32
   11. References ....................................................33
      11.1. Normative References .....................................33
      11.2. Informative References ...................................33
   Appendix A. Privacy Considerations ................................34
   Appendix B. Example Requests and Responses ........................34
      B.1. Example 1 .................................................34
      B.2. Example 2 .................................................36
   Appendix C. Specificity Examples ..................................39
   Appendix D. Contributors ..........................................46
   Appendix E. Acknowledgements ......................................46



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1.  Introduction

   An Internet address registry stores information about:

   o  address ranges

   o  autonomous system number ranges

   o  associated contacts and organizations

   o  name servers

   This information is interrelated, and Internet address registries
   store this information and the information's interrelationships in a
   manner befitting the needs of each Internet address registry and its
   constituents.  This document specifies a method for accessing and
   retrieving this information in a common XML format.

   This document describes an IRIS namespace for Internet address
   registries using an XML Schema [8] derived from and using the IRIS
   [2] schema.  This schema and registry type are provided to
   demonstrate the extensibility of the IRIS framework beyond the use of
   domains, a criteria defined in CRISP [4].

   The schema given is this document is specified using the Extensible
   Markup Language (XML) 1.0 as described in XML [5], XML Schema
   notation as described in XML_SD [7] and XML_SS [8], and XML
   Namespaces as described in XML_NS [6].

   Examples of client/server XML exchanges with this registry type are
   available in Appendix B.

2.  Document Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1].

3.  Schema Description

   IRIS requires the derivation of both query and result elements by a
   registry schema.  Descriptions for these follow.

   The descriptions contained within this section refer to XML elements
   and attributes and their relation to the exchange of data within the
   protocol.  These descriptions also contain specifications outside the
   scope of the formal XML syntax.  Therefore, this section will use
   terms defined by RFC 2119 [1] to describe the specification outside



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   the scope of the formal XML syntax.  While reading this section,
   please reference Section 5 for needed details on the formal XML
   syntax.

3.1.  Query Derivatives

3.1.1.   Query

    searches for contacts given search constraints.

   The allowable search fields are handled by one of the elements in the
   "contactSearchGroup" (see Section 3.1.9) or the element
   .  The  element constrains the query
   based on the organization ID (handle) associated with contacts.  This
   element is an "exactMatchParameter" (see Section 3.1.11).

   This query also provides optional  elements containing
   language tags.  Clients MAY use these elements to give a hint about
   the natural language(s) of the affected element.  Servers MAY use
   this information in processing the query, such as tailoring
   normalization routines to aid in more effective searches.

   The client SHOULD pass the names unchanged to the server, and the
   implementation of the server decides if the search is case sensitive
   or not.

3.1.2.  

    searches for organizations given search
   constraints.

   The allowable search fields are handled by one of the elements in the
   "commonSearchGroup" (see Section 3.1.10) or the element
   .  This element is an
   "exactOrPartialMatchParameter" (see Section 3.1.11).

   This query also provides optional  elements containing
   language tags.  Clients MAY use these elements to give a hint about
   the natural language(s) of the affected element.  Servers MAY use
   this information in processing the query, such as tailoring
   normalization routines to aid in more effective searches.

   The client SHOULD pass the names unchanged to the server, and the
   implementation of the server decides if the search is case sensitive
   or not.






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3.1.3.   and 

   The  and  elements
   allow searches by name of autonomous systems and networks,
   respectively.  Both have the same format.

   The child element  is an "exactOrPartialMatchParameter" (see
   Section 3.1.11).

   This query also provides optional  elements containing
   language tags.  Clients MAY use these elements to give a hint about
   the natural language(s) of the affected element.  Servers MAY use
   this information in processing the query, such as tailoring
   normalization routines to aid in more effective searches.

   The client SHOULD pass the names unchanged to the server, and the
   implementation of the server decides if the search is case sensitive
   or not.

3.1.4.  

   The  element is a query for a network given a
   related IP address or IP address range.  It has the following child
   elements:

   o   - has a child  element containing the
      starting IPv4 address of the network and an optional child of
       containing the ending IPv4 address of the network.  Clients
      MUST convert any short-form notation to the fully-qualified
      notation.

   o   - same as , but the child addresses
      contain IPv6 addresses.  Clients MUST convert any short-form
      notation to the fully-qualified notation.

   o   - determines the network specificity for the search
      (see Section 4).  Valid values are "exact-match", "all-less-
      specific", "one-level-less-specific", "all-more-specific", and
      "one-level-more-specific".  This element may have the optional
      attribute 'allowEquivalences'.  When it is set to "true", the
      result set should include networks with equivalent starting and
      ending addresses.  The default value for 'allowEquivalences' is
      "false".

   The results from this query MUST be either  or
    results.  More than one network result MAY be returned.





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3.1.5.  

   The  element is a query for a network given a
   the handle of a related network.  It has the following child
   elements:

   o   - specifies the network handle.

   o   - determines the network specificity for the search
      (see Section 4).  Valid values are "all-less-specifics", "one-
      level-less-specifics", "all-more-specifics", and "one-level-more-
      specifics".

   The results from this query MUST be either  or
    results.  More than one network result MAY be returned.

   This query could be used to discover the parentage relationships
   between networks that have the same starting and ending addresses.

   The client SHOULD pass handles unchanged to the server, and the
   implementation of the server decides if the search is case sensitive
   or not.

3.1.6.  

   The  element allows a search for autonomous systems
   given an autonomous system number (ASN) range.  It has the following
   child elements:

   o   - specifies the start of the ASN range.

   o   - specifies the end of the ASN range.

   o   - determines the range specificity for the search
      (see Section 4).  Valid values are "exact-match", "all-less-
      specific", "one-level-less-specific", "all-more-specific", and
      "one-level-more-specific".  This element may have the optional
      attribute 'allowEquivalences'.  When it is set to "true", the
      result set should include ranges with equivalent starting and
      ending numbers.  The default value for 'allowEquivalences' is
      "false".

   The results from this query MUST be  results.  More
   than one result MAY be returned.







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3.1.7.  

   The  element allows a search for autonomous systems,
   IP networks, and organizations on fields associated with that
   entity's contact.  The optional search element 
   MUST restrict the results to autonomous systems, IPv4 networks, IPv6
   networks, or organizations using the values 'returnASs',
   'returnIPv4Networks', 'returnIPv6Networks', and
   'returnOrganizations', respectively.

   The allowable search fields are handled with either the
    element or one of the elements in the
   "contactSearchGroup" (see Section 3.1.9).  The 
   element allows for the entities to be selected based on the contact
   having the specified contact handle, and it is an
   "exactMatchParameter" type (see Section 3.1.11).  The client SHOULD
   pass these search fields unchanged to the server, and the
   implementation of the server decides if the search is case sensitive
   or not.

   The query MAY also be constrained further using the optional 
   element.  The contents of this element signify the role the contact
   has with the entity.  The allowable values for this element are
   "adminContact", "nocContact", "techContact", "abuseContact", and
   "otherContact".

   This query also provides optional  elements containing
   language tags.  Clients MAY use these elements to give a hint about
   the natural language(s) of the affected element.  Servers MAY use
   this information in processing the query, such as tailoring
   normalization routines to aid in more effective searches.

   The results from this query MUST be  results,
    results,  results, or 
   results.  More than one result MAY be returned, and the results MAY
   be of mixed types.

3.1.8.  

   The  element allows a search for IP
   networks based on their associated name servers.  The 
   element contains the fully qualified domain name of the name server.
   The optional search element  MUST restrict the
   results to IPv4 networks or IPv6 networks using the values
   'returnIPv4Networks' and 'returnIPv6Networks', respectively.






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   The results from this query MUST be  or 
   results.  More than one result MAY be returned, and the results MAY
   be of mixed types.

3.1.9.  Contact Search Group

   Some of the queries above have similar query constraints for
   searching on contacts.  This section describes those common
   parameters.

    allows the query to be constrained based on the common
   name of the contact.  This constraint is an
   "exactOrPartialMatchParameter" (see Section 3.1.11).

   This group also contains all the members of the "commonSearchGroup"
   (see Section 3.1.10).

3.1.10.  Common Search Group

   Some of the queries above have similar query constraints for
   searching on contacts.  This section describes those common
   parameters.

    constrains the query based on the e-mail address of the
   contact.  This constraint is a "domainResource" type (see
   Section 3.1.11).

   The , , , and  elements restrict
   the scope of the query based on the city, region, country, or postal
   code of the contact, respectively.  These constraints are all
   "exactMatchParameter" types (see Section 3.1.11).  The contents of
    MUST be compliant with ISO 3166 [9] two-character country
   codes.

3.1.11.  Match Parameters

   Some of the queries above have constraints that match strings using
   matching parameters.  This section describes those matching
   parameters.

   Elements of type "exactMatchParameter" will have one child element of
   .  The contents of this child element are to match
   exactly in the use of the constraint.

   Elements of type "partialMatchParameter" will have either a
    child element with an optional  child element
   or an  child element.  The content of the 




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   element specifies the beginning character sequence for the
   constraint.  The content of the  element specifies the
   ending character sequence for the constraint.

   Elements of type "exactOrPartialMatchParameter" can have either the
   child element allowed with the "exactMatchParameter" type or the
   child elements allowed with the "partialMatchParameter" type.

   Elements of type "domainResource" can have either the child element
   allowed with the "exactMatchParameter" type or a child element of
   .  This parameter type is meant to match email, SIP,
   Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), and other types of
   "user@domain" addresses.  When this parameter is specified with the
    child element, the constraint is based on the whole
   email address.  When this parameter is specified with the 
   child element, the constraint is based on any email address within
   the domain given.  The  MUST only contain a valid domain
   name (i.e., no '@' symbol), and the matching SHOULD take place only
   on the domain given (i.e., no partial matches with respect to
   substrings or parent domains).

3.2.  Result Derivatives

3.2.1.   and  Results

   The  and  share a common definition of
   'ipNetworkType'.  It has the following child elements:

   o   contains the registry-unique assigned handle for
      this network.

   o   contains a human-friendly name for the network.

   o   contains the first IP address of the network.

   o   contains the last IP address of the network.

   o   contains a string denoting the type of network.

   o   is an entity reference to a definition of the
      values explained in a plain natural language.  The referent MUST
      be a  as defined by [2].

   o   contains the domain name of a nameserver responsible
      for reverse-DNS mapping for this network.






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   o   contains an entity reference to the organization
      assigned this network.  The referent MUST be an 
      (Section 3.2.4) result.

   o  One of the following:

      *   contains an entity reference to the parent network of
         this network.  The referent MUST be an 
         (Section 3.2.1) result if this reference is a child of
         .  The referent MUST be an 
         (Section 3.2.1) result if this reference is a child of
         .

      *   signifies that this network has no parent network.

   o  Contact references (see Section 3.2.5).

   o  Common child elements (see Section 3.2.6).

3.2.2.   Result

   The  element represents an assigned or allocated
   autonomous system number range.  It has the following children:

   o   contains a registry-unique assigned handle for this
      autonomous system number range.

   o   contains an integer indicating the starting number
      for the autonomous system number range.

   o   contains an integer indicating the ending number for
      the autonomous system number range.

   o   contains a human-readable name for this autonomous system.

   o   contains an entity reference to the organization
      assigned or allocated this autonomous system number range.  The
      referent MUST be an  (Section 3.2.4) result.

   o  One of the following:

      *   contains an entity reference to the parent autonomous
         system of this autonomous system.  The referent MUST be an
          (Section 3.2.2) result.

      *   signifies that this autonomous system has no parent
         autonomous system.




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   o  Contact references (see Section 3.2.5).

   o  Common child elements (see Section 3.2.6).

3.2.3.   Result

   The  element represents the registration of a point of
   contact.  It has the following child elements:

   o   contains the registry-unique assigned handle for
      this contact.

   o   specifies the name of the contact.

   o   contains the email address for this contact.

   o   contains the sip address for this contact.

   o   contains an entity reference to the organization
      associated with this contact.  The referent MUST be an
       (Section 3.2.4) result.

   o   contains information for reaching the contact via
      postal mail.  It is composed of the following child elements:

      *  
contains the address for this contact. * contains the city where this contact is located. * contains the national region where this contact is located. * contains the postal code where this contact is located. * contains the country code where this contact is located. This MUST be compliant with ISO 3166 [9] two-character country codes. o contains child elements describing the phone number of the contact. The child elements are , , and . o Common child elements (see Section 3.2.6). Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 3.2.4. Result The element represents an organization. It has the following child elements: o contains the name of the organization. o contains a registry-unique identifier for this organization. o contains the email address for this organization. o contains a information for reaching the organization via postal mail. It is composed of the following child elements: *
contains the address for this organization. * contains the city where this organization is located. * contains the national region where this organization is located. * contains the postal code where this organization is located. * contains the country code where this organization is located. This MUST be compliant with ISO 3166 [9] two-character country codes. o contains child elements describing the phone number of the contact. The child elements are , , and . o Contact references (see Section 3.2.5). o Common child elements (see Section 3.2.6). 3.2.5. Contact References The registry schema defined in Section 5 normalizes out a group of elements used to reference contacts. This group is used by many of the result types for this registry. The group has the following elements, each of which may appear as many times as needed. The referent of each MUST be (Section 3.2.3) results. o o Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 o o o 3.2.6. Common Result Child Elements The registry schema defined in Section 5 normalizes out a group of common elements that are used most among the result types. The group has the following elements: o contains an entity reference to the number resource registry of record. The referent MUST be an (Section 3.2.4) result. o contains the date of first registration. o contains the date when the registration was last updated. o The element contains an entity reference specifying an entity that is indirectly associated with this result object. This element can be used for comments and remarks. 3.3. Support for The following types of entity classes are recognized by the query of IRIS for this registry: o ipv4-handle - a registry-unique identifier specifying an IPv4 network. Queries with these names will yield a result. o ipv6-handle - a registry-unique identifier specifying an IPv6 network. Queries with these names will yield a result. o as-handle - a registry-unique identifier specifying an autonomous system. It yields a result of . o contact-handle - a registry-unique identifier of a contact. Yields a result of . o organization-id - a registry-unique identifier of an organization. Yields a result of . o The entity names of these entity classes are case insensitive. Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 4. Terminology for Nesting of Networks The following terms are defined for describing the nesting of IP networks. o More specific: Given two networks, A and B, A is more specific than B if network B includes all space of network A, and if network B is larger than network A. o Less specific: Opposite of more specific. The network B is less specific than network A if network A's space is completely included in network B and if network A is smaller than network B. o Most specific: Given a set of networks, the network or networks that are more specific than zero or more specific of the other networks in the set, and that are not less specific of any of the networks in the set. o Least specific: Given a set of networks, the network or networks that are not more specific to any of the other networks in the set. Examples: +-------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Given the networks A, B, C, and D as follows: | | | | A |---------------------------------| | | B |-----------------| | | C |---------| | | D |-------| | | | | | | Network A is less specific than B, C, and D. | | Network B is more specific than A. | | Among these four networks, A is the least specific, | | and C and D are the most specific. | | | +-------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 1: Nesting Example 1 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 14] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 +-------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Given networks E, F, and G: | | | | E |----------| | | F |--------------| | | G |---| | | | | Networks E and F are least specific networks. | | Networks F and G are most specific networks. | | | +-------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 2: Nesting Example 2 The following definitions assume that there are no overlapping networks in the database. A network overlaps with another one when they encompass each other's space partially. Examples: A |---------------------| B |----------------------------| Figure 3: Nesting Example 3 Here, networks A and B are overlapping networks because network A encompasses network B's space partially, and network B encompasses network A's space partially. C |------------------| D |---------| Figure 4: Nesting Example 4 Here, networks C and D are NOT overlapping networks because even if network D encompasses a part of network C's space, network C does not encompass network D's space partially (it encompasses network D completely). The address directory can contain more than one network with the same range. They are said to be exact match networks. The parent/child relationship in the internet address directory is unidirectional. That is, there might also be parent/child relationship with exact match networks, but a network cannot be a parent and a child of its exact match network at the same time. Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 The following are nested matching searches: (1) all less specifics search: Given a range, find all the networks that contain that range (i.e., all less specifics and exact matches). These networks are the networks that fulfill the following condition: (start(network) <= start(search)) AND (end(network) >= end(search)) (2) one-level less specifics search: Given a range, find only the most specific network that contains that range (could be multiple networks, but usually single). This is the set of networks from (1), with the provision that no network in the return set is contained by any other network in the set. If there are exact match networks in the set from (1), they both must appear in the result set. The result set may contain a network that is exact match to the query range, if the search allows exact matches. A |-------------------------------| B |---------------------------| C |-------| Query |- - - - - - - - - -| Figure 5: Nesting Example 5 In the above case, the query must return B. A |-------------------------------| B |---------------------------| C |---------------------------| D |-------| Query |- - - - - - - - - -| Figure 6: Nesting Example 6 Here, the query must return B and C (they are exact matches of each other). A |-------------------------------| B |---------------------------| C |---------------------------| D |-------| Query |- - - -| Figure 7: Nesting Example 7 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 16] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Here, the query must return B and C (they are exact matches of each other). D must not be in the result set, as it is exact match to the query if the search specifies that exact matches of query range should not appear in the result set. In Figure 7, if the search specifies that exact matches to the query range are allowed in the result set, then only D must be returned. (3) all more specifics search: Given a range, find all the networks that are fully within that range. The search contains a flag that specifies if an exact match to the query range should appear in the result set or not. Thus, the result set may or may not contain the exact match to the query range, as instructed by the search. (start(network) >= start(search)) AND (end(network) <= end(search)) (4) one-level more specifics search: Given a range, find only the least specific networks that are fully within that range. This is the set of networks from (3), with the provision that no network in the return set contains any other network in the return set. Query |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -| A |------------------| B |-------------------------| C |--------| D |---------| Figure 8: Nesting Example 8 (5) exact match search: Given a range, find the networks that begin and end on the same IP addresses as the range. That is, the networks that fulfill the following condition: (start(network) = start(search)) AND (end(network) = end(search)) (6) Given a range, find the exact match network if it exists, and if it does not, perform the (2) search. The following are parent-child relationship searches: (7) Given a network handle, find the network that is the direct (one level up) parent of the network with the given handle. Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 17] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 (8) Given a network handle, find the network or networks that are direct (one level down) children of the network with the handle given. 5. Formal XML Syntax This IP address registry is specified in the XML Schema notation. The formal syntax presented here is a complete schema representation suitable for automated validation of an XML instance when combined with the formal schema syntax of IRIS. IP address registry schema derived from IRIS schema Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 18] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 19] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 20] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 21] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 22] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 23] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 24] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 25] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 26] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 27] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 28] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 29] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Figure 9 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 30] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 6. BEEP Transport Compliance IRIS allows several extensions of the core capabilities. This section outlines those extensions allowable by IRIS-BEEP [3]. 6.1. Message Pattern This registry type uses the default message pattern as described in IRIS-BEEP [3]. 6.2. Server Authentication This registry type uses the default server authentication method as described in IRIS-BEEP [3]. 7. URI Resolution 7.1. Application Service Label See Section 9 for the application service label registration. 7.2. Operational Considerations Address registries do not have natural links to DNS. Using reverse DNS tree presents problems for IP address delegation (for example, delegations do not fall into byte boundaries, unlike reverse DNS), and DNS does not currently contain any information regarding autonomous system delegation. Therefore, in order for the top-down resolution to operate properly, it is requested that the IAB instruct IANA to insert and maintain a NAPTR DNS resource record for areg.iris.arpa, as described in Section 9. 7.3. Top-Down Resolution The top-down alternative resolution method MUST be identified as 'top' in IRIS URIs. The process for this condition is as follows: 1. The IRIS [2] direct-resolution process is tried against areg.iris.arpa. 2. If the direct-resolution process yields no server for which a connection can be made, then a negative response is returned, and no further action is taken. Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 31] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 It is RECOMMENDED that IRIS clients issuing AREG1 requests use the 'top' resolution method when no resolution method has been explicitly given by a user. IRIS servers accepting AREG1 requests that seek information for which they are not authoritative SHOULD refer clients using the 'top' resolution method. 8. Internationalization Considerations This document lays out no new considerations for internationalization beyond those specified in IRIS [2]. 9. IANA Considerations The following URN has been registered with IANA according to the IANA considerations defined in IRIS [2]: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:areg1 The following S-NAPTR application service label has been registered with IANA according to the IANA considerations defined in IRIS [2]: AREG1 Under instructions from the IAB, the IANA will create a new second level domain under .arpa called iris (i.e., iris.arpa.). The contents of this new domain are to be under the control of the IAB. Under instructions from the IAB, the IANA will insert and maintain a NAPTR DNS resource record in the iris.arpa. domain for the name areg.iris.arpa. The initial contents for that record is: areg.iris.arpa. ;; order pref flags service re replacement IN NAPTR 100 10 "" "AREG1:iris.xpc:iris.lwz" "" areg.nro.net 10. Security Considerations This document lays out no new considerations for security precautions beyond those specified in IRIS [2]. Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 32] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 11. References 11.1. Normative References [1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [2] Newton, A. and M. Sanz, "IRIS: The Internet Registry Information Service (IRIS) Core Protocol", RFC 3981, January 2005. [3] Newton, A. and M. Sanz, "Using the Internet Registry Information Service (IRIS) over the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP)", RFC 3983, January 2005. [4] Newton, A., "Cross Registry Internet Service Protocol (CRISP) Requirements", RFC 3707, February 2004. 11.2. Informative References [5] World Wide Web Consortium, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0", W3C XML, February 1998, . [6] World Wide Web Consortium, "Namespaces in XML", W3C XML Namespaces, January 1999, . [7] World Wide Web Consortium, "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes", W3C XML Schema, October 2000, . [8] World Wide Web Consortium, "XML Schema Part 1: Structures", W3C XML Schema, October 2000, . [9] International Organization for Standardization, "Codes for the representation of names of countries, 3rd edition", ISO Standard 3166, August 1988. Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 33] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Appendix A. Privacy Considerations Internet address registries store contact details and other information that may be abused. The XML Schema defined in this document purposefully makes the inclusion of any data in a response an option that is dependent on the needs and policies of the Internet address registry serving the data. Combined with the authentication mechanisms of an IRIS transfer protocol, Internet address registries may derive authorization policies to meet their needs without compromising general privacy policies. As an example, the constituents of an Internet address registry may create a policy whereby NOC contact email addresses are only to be available to members of the Internet address registry. To institute this policy, the XML elements for NOC contacts will never appear in a response to a user that has not been authenticated to be a member of the Internet address registry. Appendix B. Example Requests and Responses The examples in this section use the string "C:" to denote data sent by a client to a server and the string "S:" to denote data sent by a server to a client. B.1. Example 1 The following is an example of entity lookup for the contact-handle of 'JN560-RIR1'. C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: JN560-RIR1 S: S: Bob Smurd S: S: S: S: Organization X, Inc. S: S: S: S: S: +1-703-555-5555 S: office S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: Figure 11: Example 1 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 35] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 B.2. Example 2 The following example shows a query to find the IP networks containing a given address. C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: 192.0.2.134 C: C: C: one-level-less-specific C: C: C: C: C: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: NET-192-0-2-128-1 S: S: S: UU-192-0-2-D6 S: S: S: 192.0.2.128 S: S: Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 36] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 S: 192.0.2.255 S: S: reassigned S: S: S: Organization X, Inc. S: S: S: S: S: S: Smurd, Bob S: S: S: S: 2002-11-18T00:00:00-00:00 S: S: S: 2002-11-18T00:00:00-00:00 S: S: S: S: S: S: NET-192-0-2-0-2 S: S: S: UU-192-0-2-0-D5 S: S: S: 192.0.2.0 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 37] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 S: S: S: 192.0.2.255 S: S: direct allocation S: auth03.ns.example.org S: auth00.ns.example.org S: S: S: Organization Y, Inc. S: S: S: S: S: S: 2000-10-27T00:00:00-00:00 S: S: S: 2002-02-13T00:00:00-00:00 S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: Addresses within this block are non-portable. S: Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 38] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 S: S: S: S: S: Figure 12: Example 2 Appendix C. Specificity Examples This section includes examples to clarify specificity options for network and ASN searches. A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Contents of the DB Figure 13: Specificity Example 1 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 39] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query|- - - - - - - | 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 Exact match (1) Result: C Figure 14: Specificity Example 2 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query|- - - - - - - - | 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.12 Exact match (2) Result: None Figure 15: Specificity Example 3 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 40] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query|- - - - - - - - - | 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 All more specifics, allowEquivalences = false Result: C, F, & G (A is not included; exact match) Figure 16: Specificity Example 4 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query|- - - - - - - - - | 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 All more specifics, allowEquivalences = true Result: A, C, F, & G (A is included; exact match) Figure 17: Specificity Example 5 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 41] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query|- - - - - - - - - | 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 One level more specifics, allowEquivalences = false Result: C Figure 18: Specificity Example 6 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query|- - - - - - - - - | 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 One level more specifics, allowEquivalences = true Result: A Figure 19: Specificity Example 7 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 42] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query |- - | 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 All less specifics, allowEquivalences = true Result: A, C, & G (G is included; exact match) Figure 20: Specificity Example 8 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query |- - | 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 All less specifics, allowEquivalences = false Result: A & C (G is not included; exact match) Figure 21: Specificity Example 9 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 43] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query |- - | 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 One level less specifics, allowEquivalences = true Result: G (the exact match) Figure 22: Specificity Example 10 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query |- - | 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 One level less specifics, allowEquivalences = false Result: C Figure 23: Specificity Example 11 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 44] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query|- - - - - - | 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.8 One level less specifics, allowEquivalences = false or true Result: C Figure 24: Specificity Example 12 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query = E Find parent (Query argument is a handle) Result: D Figure 25: Specificity Example 13 Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 45] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 A |------------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.15 B |------------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.31 C |--------------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.9 D |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 E |---------------| 192.0.2.16 - 192.0.2.30 F |--------| 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.5 G |----| 192.0.2.6 - 192.0.2.9 Query = D Find child (Query argument is a handle) Result: E Figure 26: Specificity Example 14 Appendix D. Contributors David Blacka and Tim Christensen made substantial contributions to this document. Appendix E. Acknowledgements Eric Hall, William Leibzon, April Marine, George Michaelson, Tim Christensen Cathy Murphy, Andrei Robachevsky, Marcos Sanz, Frederico Neves, Ted Hardie, and many others contributed constructively in the mailing list discussions and IETF Meeting sessions. Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 46] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Authors' Addresses Engin Gunduz RIPE NCC Singel 258 Amsterdam 1016AB The Netherlands Phone: +31 20 535 4444 EMail: e.gunduz@computer.org Andrew L. Newton VeriSign, Inc. 21345 Ridgetop Circle Sterling, VA 20166 USA Phone: +1 703 948 3382 EMail: andy@hxr.us Shane W. Kerr RIPE NCC Singel 258 Amsterdam 1016AB The Netherlands Phone: +31 20 535 4444 EMail: shane@time-travellers.org Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 47] RFC 4698 IRIS Address Registry Type October 2006 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF Administrative Support Activity (IASA). Gunduz, et al. Standards Track [Page 48]

 

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