Network Working Group K. McCloghrie
Request for Comments: 2512 Cisco Systems, Inc.
Category: Standards Track J. Heinanen
Telia Finland, Inc.
W. Greene
MCI Telecommunications Corp.
A. Prasad
Cisco Systems, Inc.
February 1999
Accounting Information for ATM Networks
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................... 1
2 The SNMP Network Management Framework .......................... 2
3 Overview ....................................................... 3
4 Definitions .................................................... 3
5 Acknowledgements ...............................................12
6 References .....................................................12
7 Security Considerations ........................................13
8 IANA Considerations ............................................13
9 Authors' Addresses .............................................14
10 Full Copyright Statement ......................................15
1. Introduction
This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB)
for use with network management protocols in the Internet community.
A separate memo [16] defines managed objects, in a manner independent
of the type of network, for controlling the selection, collection and
storage of accounting information into files for later retrieval via
a file transfer protocol. This memo defines a set of ATM-specific
accounting information which can be collected for connections on ATM
networks.
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
2. The SNMP Network Management Framework
The SNMP Management Framework presently consists of five major
components:
o An overall architecture, described in RFC 2271 [1].
o Mechanisms for describing and naming objects and events for the
purpose of management. The first version of this Structure of
Management Information (SMI) is called SMIv1 and described in
STD 16, RFC 1155 [2], STD 16, RFC 1212 [3] and RFC 1215 [4].
The second version, called SMIv2, is described in RFC 1902 [5],
RFC 1903 [6] and RFC 1904 [7].
o Message protocols for transferring management information. The
first version of the SNMP message protocol is called SNMPv1 and
described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [8]. A second version of the SNMP
message protocol, which is not an Internet standards track
protocol, is called SNMPv2c and described in RFC 1901 [9] and
RFC 1906 [10]. The third version of the message protocol is
called SNMPv3 and described in RFC 1906 [10], RFC 2272 [11] and
RFC 2274 [12].
o Protocol operations for accessing management information. The
first set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is
described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [8]. A second set of protocol
operations and associated PDU formats is described in RFC 1905
[13].
o A set of fundamental applications described in RFC 2273 [14] and
the view-based access control mechanism described in RFC 2275
[15].
Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed
the Management Information Base or MIB. Objects in the MIB are
defined using the mechanisms defined in the SMI.
This memo specifies a MIB module that is compliant to the SMIv2. A
MIB conforming to the SMIv1 can be produced through the appropriate
translations. The resulting translated MIB must be semantically
equivalent, except where objects or events are omitted because no
translation is possible (e.g., use of Counter64). Some machine
readable information in SMIv2 will be converted into textual
descriptions in SMIv1 during the translation process. However, this
loss of machine readable information is not considered to change the
semantics of the MIB.
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
3. Overview
In [16], the items of accounting data to be collected are specified
as a set of objects. Which objects are contained in such a set is
selectable by an administrator through the specification of one or
more (subtree, list) tuples, where the set of objects to be collected
is the union of the subsets specified by each tuple:
'subtree' specifies a OBJECT IDENTIFIER value such that every
object in the subset is named by the subtree's value appended
with a single additional sub-identifier.
'list' specifies an OCTET STRING value, such that if the N-th bit
of the string's value is set then the the subset contains the
object named by appending N as a single additional sub-
identifier to the subtree.
This memo specifies such a subtree containing a set of objects
defining items of accounting information which are applicable to ATM
connections.
Note that all of the objects defined here have a MAX-ACCESS clause of
not-accessible, since their purpose is not to be read/written by
SNMP, but rather, to be the syntax and semantics of the set of
information which can be represented within a single (subtree, list)
tuple.
4. Definitions
ATM-ACCOUNTING-INFORMATION-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS
MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, OBJECT-IDENTITY,
mib-2, Integer32, Counter64 FROM SNMPv2-SMI
DisplayString, DateAndTime FROM SNMPv2-TC
AtmAddr FROM ATM-TC-MIB;
atmAccountingInformationMIB MODULE-IDENTITY
LAST-UPDATED "9611052000Z"
ORGANIZATION "IETF AToM MIB Working Group"
CONTACT-INFO "
Keith McCloghrie
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive,
San Jose CA 95134-1706.
Phone: +1 408 526 5260
Email: kzm@cisco.com"
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
DESCRIPTION
"The MIB module for identifying items of accounting
information which are applicable to ATM connections."
::= { mib-2 59 }
atmAcctngMIBObjects OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ atmAccountingInformationMIB 1 }
-- Definitions of objects for use in specifying ATM accounting
-- data to be collected
atmAcctngDataObjects OBJECT-IDENTITY
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This identifier defines a subtree under which various
objects are defined such that a set of objects to be
collected as ATM accounting data can be specified as a
(subtree, list) tuple using this identifier as the subtree."
::= { atmAcctngMIBObjects 1 }
-- Objects defined under the atmAcctngDataObjects subtree
--
-- In each case the semantics of the object are interpreted with
-- respect to the creation/storage of an accounting record for a
-- particular connection on a particular interface.
atmAcctngConnectionType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER { pvc(1),
pvp(2),
svcIncoming(3),
svcOutgoing(4),
svpIncoming(5),
svpOutgoing(6),
spvcInitiator(7),
spvcTarget(8),
spvpInitiator(9),
spvpTarget(10) }
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The type of connection."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 1 }
atmAcctngCastType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER { p2p(1), p2mp(2) }
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An indication of whether the connection is point-to-point
or point-to-multipoint."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 2 }
atmAcctngIfName OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A textual name for the interface on which the data for the
connection was collected. If the local SNMP agent supports
the object ifName, the value of this object must be
identical to that of ifName in the conceptual row of the
ifTable corresponding to this interface."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 3 }
atmAcctngIfAlias OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The 'alias' name for the interface as specified by a
network manager, e.g., via a management set operation to
modify the relevant instance of the ifAlias object. Note
that in contrast to ifIndex, ifAlias provides a non-volatile
'handle' for the interface, the value of which is retained
across agent reboots."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 4 }
atmAcctngVpi OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..4095)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The VPI used for the connection."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 5 }
atmAcctngVci OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..65535)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The VCI used for the connection."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 6 }
atmAcctngCallingParty OBJECT-TYPE
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
SYNTAX AtmAddr
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The connection's calling party. If unknown (e.g., for a
PVC), then the value of this object is the zero-length
string."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 7 }
atmAcctngCalledParty OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX AtmAddr
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The connection's called party. If unknown (e.g., for a
PVC), then the value of this object is the zero-length
string."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 8 }
atmAcctngCallReference OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE(0..3))
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The connection's call reference value (e.g., from Q.2931).
If unknown (e.g., for a PVC), then the value of this object
is the zero-length string."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 9 }
atmAcctngStartTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DateAndTime
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The time when the connection was established."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 10 }
atmAcctngCollectionTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DateAndTime
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The time at which the data in this record was collected."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 11 }
atmAcctngCollectMode OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER { onRelease(1),
periodically(2),
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
onCommand(3) }
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The reason why this connection data was collected."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 12 }
atmAcctngReleaseCause OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"If the connection data was collected because of the release
of an SVC, then this is the cause code in the Release
message for the connection; otherwise, this object has the
value zero."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 13 }
atmAcctngServiceCategory OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER { other(1), cbr(2), vbrRt(3), vbrNrt(4),
abr(5), ubr(6), unknown(7) }
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The connection's service category."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 14 }
atmAcctngTransmittedCells OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter64
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of cells, including OAM cells, transmitted by
this switch on this connection."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 15 }
atmAcctngTransmittedClp0Cells OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter64
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of cells with CLP=0, including OAM cells,
transmitted by this switch on this connection."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 16 }
atmAcctngReceivedCells OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter64
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of cells, including OAM cells, received by this
switch on this connection."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 17 }
atmAcctngReceivedClp0Cells OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter64
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of cells with CLP=0, including OAM cells,
received by this switch on this connection."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 18 }
atmAcctngTransmitTrafficDescriptorType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The traffic descriptor type (as defined in RFC 1695 and its
successors) in the direction in which the switch transmits
cells on the connection."
REFERENCE
"See atmTrafficDescriptorTypes in ATM-MIB.my in RFC 1695 and
its successors."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 19 }
atmAcctngTransmitTrafficDescriptorParam1 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The first traffic descriptor parameter in the direction in
which this switch transmits cells on this connection.
Interpretation of this parameter is dependent on the value
of atmAcctngTransmitTrafficDescriptorType."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 20 }
atmAcctngTransmitTrafficDescriptorParam2 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The second traffic descriptor parameter in the direction in
which this switch transmits cells on this connection.
Interpretation of this parameter is dependent on the value
of atmAcctngTransmitTrafficDescriptorType."
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 21 }
atmAcctngTransmitTrafficDescriptorParam3 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The third traffic descriptor parameter in the direction in
which this switch transmits cells on this connection.
Interpretation of this parameter is dependent on the value
of atmAcctngTransmitTrafficDescriptorType."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 22 }
atmAcctngTransmitTrafficDescriptorParam4 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The fourth traffic descriptor parameter in the direction in
which this switch transmits cells on this connection.
Interpretation of this parameter is dependent on the value
of atmAcctngTransmitTrafficDescriptorType."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 23 }
atmAcctngTransmitTrafficDescriptorParam5 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The fifth traffic descriptor parameter in the direction in
which this switch transmits cells on this connection.
Interpretation of this parameter is dependent on the value
of atmAcctngTransmitTrafficDescriptorType."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 24 }
atmAcctngReceiveTrafficDescriptorType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The traffic descriptor type (as defined in RFC 1695 and its
successors) in the direction in which this switch receives
cells on this connection."
REFERENCE
"See atmTrafficDescriptorTypes in ATM-MIB.my in RFC 1695 and
its successors."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 25 }
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 9]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
atmAcctngReceiveTrafficDescriptorParam1 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The first traffic descriptor parameter in the direction in
which this switch receives cells on this connection.
Interpretation of this parameter is dependent on the value
of atmAcctngReceiveTrafficDescriptorType."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 26 }
atmAcctngReceiveTrafficDescriptorParam2 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The second traffic descriptor parameter in the direction in
which this switch receives cells on this connection.
Interpretation of this parameter is dependent on the value
of atmAcctngReceiveTrafficDescriptorType."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 27 }
atmAcctngReceiveTrafficDescriptorParam3 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The third traffic descriptor parameter in the direction in
which this switch receives cells on this connection.
Interpretation of this parameter is dependent on the value
of atmAcctngReceiveTrafficDescriptorType."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 28 }
atmAcctngReceiveTrafficDescriptorParam4 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The fourth traffic descriptor parameter in the direction in
which this switch receives cells on this connection.
Interpretation of this parameter is dependent on the value
of atmAcctngReceiveTrafficDescriptorType."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 29 }
atmAcctngReceiveTrafficDescriptorParam5 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 10]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
DESCRIPTION
"The fifth traffic descriptor parameter in the direction in
which this switch receives cells on this connection.
Interpretation of this parameter is dependent on the value
of atmAcctngReceiveTrafficDescriptorType."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 30 }
atmAcctngCallingPartySubAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX AtmAddr
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The connection's calling party sub-address. If the
connection has no calling party sub-address, or it's value
is unknown, then the value of this object is the zero-length
string."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 31 }
atmAcctngCalledPartySubAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX AtmAddr
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The connection's called party sub-address. If the
connection has no called party sub-address, or it's value is
unknown, then the value of this object is the zero-length
string."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 32 }
atmAcctngRecordCrc16 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE(2))
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The value of the CRC-16 checksum (as defined by ISO 3309
(HDLC) and/or ITU X.25) calculated over the accounting
record containing this object.
While the mechanism for calculating/encoding the checksum
value is specific to the method of encoding the accounting
record, an accounting record containing this object is
typically generated by initializing the value of this object
to the all-zeros string ('0000'H), with the location of
these zeros being saved. After generating the record, the
checksum is calculated over the whole connection record and
then the all-zeros value is overwritten (at the saved
location) by the calculated value of the checksum."
::= { atmAcctngDataObjects 33 }
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 11]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
END
5. Acknowledgements
The comments of the IETF's AToM MIB Working Group are acknowledged.
6. References
[1] Harrington, D., Presuhn, R. and B. Wijnen, "An Architecture for
Describing SNMP Management Frameworks", RFC 2271, January 1998.
[2] Rose, M. and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of
Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets", STD 16, RFC
1155, May 1990.
[3] Rose, M. and K. McCloghrie, "Concise MIB Definitions", STD 16,
RFC 1212, March 1991.
[4] Rose, M., "A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the
SNMP", RFC 1215, March 1991.
[5] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S.
Waldbusser, "Structure of Management Information for Version 2
of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1902,
January 1996.
[6] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S.
Waldbusser, "Textual Conventions for Version 2 of the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1903, January 1996.
[7] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S.
Waldbusser, "Conformance Statements for Version 2 of the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1904, January 1996.
[8] Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M. and J. Davin, "Simple
Network Management Protocol", STD 15, RFC 1157, May 1990.
[9] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S.
Waldbusser, "Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2", RFC 1901,
January 1996.
[10] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S.
Waldbusser, "Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1906, January 1996.
[11] Case, J., Harrington D., Presuhn R. and B. Wijnen, "Message
Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2272, January 1998.
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 12]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
[12] Blumenthal, U. and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model (USM)
for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMPv3)", RFC 2274, January 1998.
[13] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S.
Waldbusser, "Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1905, January 1996.
[14] Levi, D., Meyer, P. and B. Stewart, "SNMPv3 Applications", RFC
2273, January 1998.
[15] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R. and K. McCloghrie, "View-based Access
Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP)", RFC 2275, January 1998.
[16] McCloghrie, K., Heinanen, J., Greene, W. and A. Prasad, "Managed
Objects for Controlling the Collection and Storage of Accounting
Information for Connection-Oriented Networks", RFC 2513,
February 1999.
[17] Noto, M., Spiegel, E. and K. Tesink, "Definitions of Textual
Conventions and OBJECT-IDENTITIES for ATM Management", RFC 2514,
February 1999.
7. Security Considerations
This MIB module defines data items for potential use as accounting
information. Each of these data items is only accessible through a
collected accounting file. After being collected, the accounting
data should be protected against modification or unauthorized
deletion.
8. IANA Considerations
Prior to publication of this memo as an RFC, IANA is requested to
make a suitable OBJECT IDENTIFIER assignment.
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 13]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
9. Authors' Addresses
Keith McCloghrie
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive,
San Jose CA 95134
Phone: +1 408 526 5260
EMail: kzm@cisco.com
Juha Heinanen
Telia Finland, Inc.
Myyrmaentie 2
01600 VANTAA
Finland
Phone +358 303 944 808
EMail: jh@telia.fi
Wedge Greene
MCI Telecommunications Corporation
901 International Parkway
Richardson, Texas 75081
Phone: 214-498-1232 or 972-729-1232
EMail: wedge.greene@mci.com
Anil Prasad
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive,
San Jose CA 95134
Phone: +1 408 525-7209
EMail: aprasad@cisco.com
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 14]
RFC 2512 Accounting Information for ATM Networks February 1999
10. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
McCloghrie, et. al. Standards Track [Page 15]
RFC, FYI, BCP