Network Working Group T. Nadeau
Request for Comments: 3814 Cisco Systems, Inc.
Category: Standards Track C. Srinivasan
Bloomberg L.P.
A. Viswanathan
Force10 Networks, Inc.
June 2004
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Forwarding Equivalence
Class To Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry (FEC-To-NHLFE)
Management Information Base (MIB)
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).
Abstract
This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB)
for use with network management protocols in the Internet community.
In particular, it describes managed objects for defining,
configuring, and monitoring Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) to
Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry (NHLFE) mappings and corresponding
actions for use with Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS).
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Conventions Used In This Document. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. The Internet-Standard Management Framework . . . . . . . . . . 3
5. Outline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5.1. mplsFTNTable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5.1.1. Advantages of Address Ranges Over CIDR Prefixes. 4
5.2. mplsFTNMapTable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.2.1. Indexing Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.2.2. How the Current Indexing Works . . . . . . . . . 5
5.3. mplsFTNPerfTable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Avoiding Retrieval-Modification Interactions . . . . . . . . . 7
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
7. Example Illustrating MIB Module Components . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.1. Sample FTN Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.2. Creating FTN Entries and Applying them to Interfaces . . 9
7.3. Mapping an FTN Entry to Multiple Interfaces. . . . . . . 10
7.4. Inserting an Entry Into Existing List. . . . . . . . . . 11
7.5. Pictorial Tabular Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7.6. Deleting an Entry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8. The Use of RowPointer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
9. MPLS-FTN-STD-MIB Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
10. Security Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
11. IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
11.1. IANA Considerations for MPLS-FTN-STD-MIB . . . . . . . . 39
12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
13. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
14. Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
15. Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1. Introduction
This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB)
for use with network management protocols in the Internet community.
In particular, it describes managed objects for specifying Forwarding
Equivalence Class (FEC) to Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry (NHLFE)
mappings and corresponding actions for Multiprotocol Label Switching
(MPLS).
At the ingress of an MPLS network, packets entering the MPLS domain
are assigned to an FEC. Those packets belonging to an FEC are
associated with an NHLFE (i.e., MPLS label) via the FEC-to-NHLFE
(FTN) mapping [RFC3031]. This relationship defines how ingress LSRs
will impose MPLS labels onto incoming packets. It also defines how
egress LSRs will decapsulate the MPLS shim header from MPLS packets.
Conceptually, some of the FTN table functionality could be
implemented using the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) to map all
packets destined for a prefix to an LSP. However, this mapping is
coarse in nature.
Similar functionality is already being used in other contexts such as
security filters, access filters, and RSVP flow identification. All
of these require various combinations of matching based on IP header
and upper-layer header information to identify packets for a
particular treatment. When packets match a particular rule, a
corresponding action is executed on those packets. For example, two
popular actions to take when a successful match is identified are
allowing the packet to be forwarded or to discard it. However, other
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
actions are possible, such as modifying the TOS byte, or redirecting
a packet to a particular outgoing interface. In the context of MPLS,
the possible actions performed by an NHLFE are to redirect packets to
either an MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP) or an MPLS Traffic
Engineered (TE) Tunnel.
This document attempts to consolidate the various matching
requirements and associated action options needed for MPLS into a
single specification.
2. Terminology
Although all of the terminology used in this document is either
covered in the MPLS Architecture [RFC3031] or in the SNMP
Architecture [RFC3411], it is informational to define some
immediately pertinent acronyms/terminology here.
MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching
FEC Forwarding Equivalence Class
NHLFE Next-Hop Label Forwarding Entry
FTN FEC-to-NHLFE
MIB Management Information Base
3. Conventions Used In This Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
[RFC2119].
4. The Internet-Standard Management Framework
For a detailed overview of the documents that describe the current
Internet-Standard Management Framework, please refer to section 7 of
RFC 3410 [RFC3410].
Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed
the Management Information Base or MIB. MIB objects are generally
accessed through the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
Objects in the MIB are defined using the mechanisms defined in the
Structure of Management Information (SMI). This memo specifies a MIB
module that is compliant to the SMIv2, which is described in STD 58,
RFC 2578 [RFC2578], STD 58, RFC 2579 [RFC2579] and STD 58, RFC 2580
[RFC2580].
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
5. Outline
This MIB module resides on any LSR which does the FEC-to-NHLFE
mapping in order to map traffic into the MPLS domain. This MIB
module consists of three tables:
- mplsFTNTable defines the rule base against which incoming packets
are matched and defines the actions to be taken on matching
packets;
- mplsFTNMapTable defines the application of these rules to specific
interfaces;
- mplsFTNPerfTable provides performance counters for every entry in
mplsFTNTable that is active on one or more interfaces, on a per-
interface basis.
5.1. mplsFTNTable
This table allows FEC to NHLFE mappings to be specified. Each entry
in this table (also referred to as an "FTN entry" in this document)
defines a rule to be applied to incoming packets (on interfaces that
the entry is activated on using mplsFTNMapTable as explained in
Section 5.2) and an action to be taken on matching packets.
mplsFTNTable allows 6-tuple matching rules based on one or more of
source address range, destination address range, source port range,
destination port range, IPv4 Protocol field [RFC791] or IPv6 next-
header field [RFC2460], and the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP, [RFC2474])
to be specified. Packet redirection is based on an action pointer
which points either at an mplsXCEntry in MPLS-LSR-STD-MIB [RFC3813]
when the NHLFE is a non-TE LSP, or at an mplsTunnelEntry in MPLS-TE-
STD-MIB [RFC3812] when the NHLFE is the origin of a TE tunnel.
5.1.1. Advantages of Address Ranges Over CIDR Prefixes
One possible way of specifying a set of addresses as part of an FTN
rule is to use CIDR prefixes [RFC1519]. We have instead chosen to
allow FTN rules to be expressed in terms of address ranges in
mplsFTNTable because they have the following advantages.
- The number of CIDR prefixes needed to represent some address
ranges is very large. For example, we need the following 6 CIDR
prefixes to represent the range of addresses [192.0.2.0-
192.0.2.62]: 192.0.2.0/27, 192.0.2.32/28, 192.0.2.48/29,
192.0.2.56/30, 192.0.2.60/31, and 192.0.2.62/32. A rule such as
"redirect all packets with a source address in the range
[192.0.2.0-192.0.2.62] and destination address in the range
[192.0.2.128-192.0.2.190] to tunnel #2" would require the creation
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
of 36 conceptual rows in mplsFTNTable if the rules were expressed
as CIDR prefixes, but only a single conceptual row would be
required if we used address ranges instead.
- Every CIDR prefix can be expressed as a single equivalent address
range.
- A particular implementation is free to translate the address
ranges specified in mplsFTNTable internally to equivalent CIDR
prefixes, if it so chooses. However, given that powerful range
matching algorithms are available, many implementations may prefer
to implement these directly.
5.2. mplsFTNMapTable
This table provides the capability to activate or map FTN entries
defined in mplsFTNTable to specific interfaces in the system.
Packets received on an interface are compared against FTN entries in
the order in which entries are applied to the interface.
5.2.1. Indexing Requirements
The indexing structure of mplsFTNMapTable was designed to satisfy the
following requirements.
- We must be able to insert a new entry into an existing list of
entries on an interface with a single SET operation. Thus, we
must be able to support an insertion operation that does not
require manual reindexing of existing entries.
- A management application must be able to traverse entries that
have been applied to a particular interface in the order of
application. The number of (non-bulk) retrieval operations to
obtain this information as dictated by the particular indexing
scheme that we choose for mplsFTNMapTable must be no more than
that dictated by any other indexing scheme. For example, the
indexing scheme must not force the Network Management Application
to retrieve all the entries in the table and sift through them
offline to obtain this information.
5.2.2. How the Current Indexing Works
The natural data-structure for implementing constant time insertions
between two existing entries and for supporting in-order traversals
is a linked-list.
The chosen indexing structure of mplsFTNMapTable makes the entries in
the table behave like items in a linked-list. Each conceptual row
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
has an object, mplsFTNMapPrevIndex, which is a pointer to the
previous entry that is applied to a particular interface. This
object is self-adjusting, i.e., its value is automatically adjusted
by the agent, if necessary, after an insertion or deletion operation.
This indexing scheme provides a mechanism to 'insert' an FTN entry
between two existing entries already applied on an interface. This
is done by specifying the entry after which a new entry should be
inserted in mplsFTNMapPrevIndex.
Using this linked-list structure, one can retrieve FTN entries in the
order of application on a per-interface basis as follows:
- To determine the first FTN entry on an interface with index
ifIndex, perform a GETNEXT retrieval operation on
mplsFTNMapRowStatus.ifIndex.0.0; the returned object, if one
exists, is (say) mplsFTNMapRowStatus.ifIndex.0.n
(mplsFTNMapRowStatus is the first accessible columnar object in
the conceptual row). Then, the index of the first FTN entry
applied on this interface is n.
- To determine the FTN entry applied to an interface after the one
indexed by n, perform a GETNEXT retrieval operation on
mplsFTNMapRowStatus.ifIndex.n.0. If such an entry exists, the
returned object would be of the form
mplsFTNMapRowStatus.ifIndex.n.m. Then, the index of the next FTN
entry applied on this interface is m.
- If the FTN entry indexed by n is the last entry applied to the
interface with index ifIndex, then the object returned would
either be:
1. mplsFTNMapRowStatus.ifIndexNext.0.k, where ifIndexNext is the
index of the next interface in ifTable to which an FTN entry
has been applied, in which case k is the index of the first FTN
entry applied to the interface with index ifIndexNext;
or:
2. mplsFTNMapStorageType.firstIfIndex.0.p, if there are no more
entries in mplsFTNMapTable, where firstIfIndex is the first
entry in ifTable to which an FTN entry has been mapped.
The above steps can be used to retrieve all the applied entries on a
per-interface basis in application order. Note that the number of
retrieval operations is equal to the number of applied FTN entries
(i.e., the minimum number of GETNEXT operations needed using any
indexing scheme).
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
Also note that we could not have created this linked-list structure
using a 'next' pointer object instead of the 'previous' pointer
object that we chose because this would not allow us to determine the
first FTN entry that has been mapped to a specific interface using a
single SNMP (non-bulk) retrieval operation.
The use of this indexing structure is further illustrated using an
example in Section 7.
5.3. mplsFTNPerfTable
If an FTN entry has been applied to one or more interfaces, this
table provides high-capacity performance counters to monitor each
such FTN entry on a per-interface basis.
6. Avoiding Retrieval-Modification Interactions
The problem of an ongoing traversal or retrieval operation on an SNMP
table being affected by a concurrent modification operation on that
table is not unique to this MIB module. However, it is useful to
note that a cautious application can keep track of the state of the
modifiable tables in this MIB module using the objects
mplsFTNTableLastChanged and mplsFTNMapTableLastChanged.
For instance, before performing a traversal of mplsFTNMapTable, the
application should retrieve the value of mplsFTNMapTableLastChanged.
Each subsequent GETNEXT operation on the table should include this
object as well. For example, GETNEXT(mplsFTNMapTableLastChanged.0,
mplsFTNMapRowStatus.ifIndex.n.0) can be used to:
- Determine the FTN entry after the one indexed by n (in linked-list
order) mapped to the interface with index ifIndex, as explained in
Section 5.2.2;
- Verify that the value of mplsFTNMapTable has not been modified
during the retrieval process by comparing the value of
mplsFTNMapTableLastChanged retrieved by this operation with the
value retrieved before the traversal was begun.
Using this technique, an application can ensure the validity of the
retrieved information with minimal overhead. This is particularly
important while retrieving information from frequently modified
tables.
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
7. Example Illustrating MIB Module Components
In this section, we use an example to illustrate how the objects
defined in MPLS-FTN-STD-MIB work together to perform FEC to NHLFE
mapping.
Note that for the various table entries involved in this example, we
only show the objects that help illustrate each case.
7.1. Sample FTN Rules
Suppose that we wish to activate the following two FTN rules.
Rule #1: On interface ifIndex = 1, redirect packets with source
IPv4 address matching 192.0.2.63 to an LSP with outgoing
ifIndex = 50 and outgoing label = 150 where the specified LSP is
represented by the following entries in mplsXCTable and
mplsOutSegmentTable.
In mplsXCTable:
{
mplsXCIndex = 0x02,
mplsXCInSegmentIndex = 0x00,
mplsXCOutSegmentIndex = 0x03,
mplsXCLabelStackIndex = 0
}
The value 0x00 for mplsXCInSegmentIndex represents an originating
LSP [RFC3813].
In mplsOutSegmentTable:
{
mplsOutSegmentIndex = 0x03,
mplsOutSegmentIfIndex = 50,
mplsOutSegmentPushTopLabel = true,
mplsOutSegmentTopLabel = 150
}
Rule #2: On interface ifIndex = 1, redirect packets with
destination IPv4 addresses in the range [192.0.2.32, 192.0.2.96]
to tunnel #4, where the specified tunnel is represented by the
following entry in mplsTunnelTable:
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
{
mplsTunnelIndex = 4,
-- primary tunnel
mplsTunnelInstance = 0,
mplsTunnelIngressLSRID = 192.0.2.1,
mplsTunnelEgressLSRID = 192.0.2.2
}
7.2. Creating FTN Entries and Applying them to Interfaces
The action "redirect packets with source IPv4 address matching
192.0.2.63 to an LSP with outgoing ifIndex = 50 and outgoing label =
150" in Rule #1 can be implemented by the following entry in
mplsFTNTable:
{
mplsFTNIndex = 1,
mplsFTNDescr = "Rule #1",
-- source address only
mplsFTNMask = 0x80,
mplsFTNAddrType = ipv4,
mplsFTNSourceAddrMin = 192.0.2.63,
mplsFTNSourceAddrMax = 192.0.2.63,
mplsFTNActionType = redirectLsp(1),
mplsFTNActionPointer = mplsXCLspId.1.2.1.0.1.3
}
This indicates to which LSP the LSR should redirect packets by
setting mplsFTNActionPointer to the first accessible columnar object
instance in mplsXCEntry that corresponds of the LSP to use, in this
case mplsXCLspId.1.2.1.0.1.3.
This action is then activated on "interface ifIndex = 1" by the
following entry in mplsFTNMapTable to complete the implementation of
Rule #1:
{
-- apply rule to interface ifIndex = 1
mplsFTNMapIndex = 1,
-- first FTN entry on this interface
mplsFTNPrevIndex = 0,
-- index of current entry in mplsFTNTable, i.e., Rule #1
mplsFTNMapCurrIndex = 1
}
The action "redirect packets with destination IPv4 addresses in the
range [192.0.2.32, 192.0.2.96] to tunnel #4" in Rule #2 can be
implemented by the following entry in mplsFTNTable:
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 9]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
{
mplsFTNIndex = 2,
mplsFTNDescr = "Rule #2",
-- destination address only
mplsFTNMask = 0x40,
mplsFTNAddrType = ipv4,
mplsFTNDestAddrMin = 192.0.2.32,
mplsFTNDestAddrMax = 192.0.2.96,
mplsFTNActionType = redirectTunnel(2),
mplsFTNActionPointer = mplsTunnelName.4.0.3221225985.3221225986
}
where 3221225985 and 3221225986 are representations of the addresses
192.0.2.1 and 192.0.2.2, respectively, as Unsigned32 (the underlying
data type) entities.
This rule needs to be activated on "interface ifIndex = 1" after Rule
#1 which was previously activated on this interface. This is done by
the following entry in mplsFTNMapTable to complete the implementation
of Rule #2:
{
-- apply rule to interface ifIndex = 1
mplsFTNMapIndex = 1,
-- insert after Rule #1 (mplsFTNIndex = 1)
mplsFTNPrevIndex = 1,
-- index of current entry in mplsFTNTable, i.e., Rule #2
mplsFTNMapCurrIndex = 2
}
7.3. Mapping an FTN Entry to Multiple Interfaces
Suppose we now wish to activate the following rule:
Rule #2b: On interface ifIndex = 2, redirect packets with
destination IPv4 addresses in the range [192.0.2.32, 192.0.2.96]
to tunnel #4.
Notice that the FEC and corresponding action associated with this
rule (i.e., "redirect packets with destination IPv4 addresses in the
range [192.0.2.32, 192.0.2.96] to tunnel #4") are the same as that
associated with Rule #2. Hence, we can reuse the existing entry with
mplsFTNIndex = 2 from mplsFTNTable.
However, we have to create the following new entry in mplsFTNMapTable
to activate this FTN entry as the first one on the interface with
ifIndex = 2.
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 10]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
{
-- apply rule to interface ifIndex = 2
mplsFTNMapIndex = 2,
-- first FTN entry on this interface
mplsFTNPrevIndex = 0,
-- index of current entry in mplsFTNTable
mplsFTNMapCurrIndex = 2
}
7.4. Inserting an Entry Into Existing List
At a later point, suppose that we wish to introduce the following
Rule between Rules #1 and #2.
Rule #3: On interface ifIndex = 1, redirect all packets with
destination IPv4 address matching the prefix 192.0.2.32/28 to
tunnel #3, where the tunnel we wish to redirect traffic to is
represented by the following entry in mplsTunnelTable:
{
mplsTunnelIndex = 3,
-- primary tunnel
mplsTunnelInstance = 0,
mplsTunnelIngressLSRID = 192.0.2.3,
mplsTunnelEgressLSRID = 192.0.2.4
}
Note that the ordering of the rules on a particular interface is
critical since the range of addresses specified in Rule #3 is a
subset of the ones specified in Rule #2.
Without the linked-list style insertion feature supported by
mplsFTNMapTable, we would possibly have had to reindex existing
entries (or plan for such changes by leaving sufficient gaps between
indexes, something that only postpones the problem). With the
existing tables, we solve this problem by creating the following
entries.
We implement the phrase "redirect all packets with destination IPv4
address matching the prefix 1.4.0.0/16 to tunnel #3" in Rule #3 by
creating the following entry in mplsFTNTable:
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 11]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
{
mplsFTNIndex = 3,
mplsFTNDescr = "Rule #3",
-- destination address only
mplsFTNMask = 0x40,
mplsFTNAddrType = ipv4,
-- address range equivalent to CIDR prefix 192.0.2.32/28
mplsFTNDestAddrMin = 192.0.2.32,
mplsFTNDestAddrMax = 192.0.2.47,
mplsFTNActionType = redirectTunnel,
mplsFTNActionPointer = mplsTunnelName.3.0.3221225987.3221225988
}
where 3221225987 and 3221225988 are representations of the addresses
192.0.2.3 and 192.0.2.4, respectively, as Unsigned32 (the underlying
data type) entities.
We next insert this rule in mplsFTNMapTable just after Rule #1 as
follows:
{
-- apply rule to interface ifIndex = 1
mplsFTNMapIndex = 1,
-- insert after Rule #1 (mplsFTNIndex = 1)
mplsFTNPrevIndex = 1,
-- index of current entry in mplsFTNTable i.e., Rule #3
mplsFTNMapCurrIndex = 3
}
After the insertion of Rule #3 in mplsFTNMapTable, the 'previous'
pointer object mplsFTNMapPrevIndex of the next entry (corresponding
to Rule #2) adjusts automatically to point to this entry.
Note that, of the existing entries in the table, the only one that is
impacted by an insertion operation is the entry on that particular
interface immediately after the newly inserted one, if one exists.
None of the other entries in mplsFTNMapTable are impacted. For
instance, in this particular example, when the entry for Rule #3 was
inserted between those for Rules #1 and #2, the entries for Rules #1
and #2b were not impacted.
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 12]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
7.5. Pictorial Tabular Relationship
At this point, the relationship between different table entries can
be represented pictorially as follows. For each conceptual row
instance, we show the table that it belongs to, along with its
indices in parentheses. (Note that various conceptual rows are
depicted in a way that is convenient for showing the
interrelationships and are not necessarily in lexicographical order.)
ifTable, The Interfaces Group MIB [RFC2863]:
+-> ifEntry (1)
| (ifIndex = 1)
|
| mplsFTNMapTable:
| mplsFTNMapEntry (1.0.1): <--------------------+
+<-- (mplsFTNMapIndex = 1, |
| mplsFTNMapPrevIndex = 0, ---> (NULL) |
| mplsFTNMapCurrIndex = 1) ------------+ |
| | |
| mplsFTNMapEntry (1.1.3): <------------------+ |
+<-- (mplsFTNMapIndex = 1, | | |
| mplsFTNMapPrevIndex = 1, ----------->+ | |
| mplsFTNMapCurrIndex = 3) ---------+ | | |
| | | | |
| mplsFTNMapEntry (1.3.2): <----------------+ | |
+<-- (mplsFTNMapIndex = 1, | | | | |
mplsFTNMapPrevIndex = 3, -------->+ | | | |
mplsFTNMapCurrIndex = 2) ----+ | | | | |
| | | | | |
mplsFTNTable: | | | | | |
mplsFTNEntry (2): | | | | | |
+--> (mplsFTNIndex = 2) <----------+ | | | | |
| | | | | |
| mplsFTNEntry (3): | | | | |
| (mplsFTNIndex = 3) <---------------+ | | | |
| | | | |
| mplsFTNEntry (1): | | | |
| (mplsFTNIndex = 1) <------------------+ | | |
| | | |
| mplsFTNPerfTable: | | |
| mplsFTNPerfEntry (1.2): | | |
| (mplsFTNPerfIndex = 1, | | |
| mplsFTNPerfCurrIndex = 2) --------------+ | |
| | |
| mplsFTNPerfEntry (1.3): | |
| (mplsFTNPerfIndex = 1, | |
| mplsFTNPerfCurrIndex = 3) ---------------+ |
| |
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 13]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
| mplsFTNPerfEntry (1.1): |
| (mplsFTNPerfIndex = 1, |
| mplsFTNPerfCurrIndex = 1) ------------------+
|
| mplsFTNPerfEntry (2.2):
| (mplsFTNPerfIndex = 2,
| mplsFTNPerfCurrIndex = 2) ------------------+
| |
| ifTable, The Interfaces Group MIB [RFC2863]: |
+---> ifEntry (2): |
| | (ifIndex = 2) |
| | |
| | mplsFTNMapEntry (2.1.2): <--------------------+
+----- (mplsFTNMapIndex = 2
| mplsFTNMapPrevIndex = 0 ---> (NULL)
+---- mplsFTNMapCurrIndex = 2)
7.6. Deleting an Entry
Let us next look at how we can remove the recently applied Rule #3
and how the existing conceptual rows behave in this situation.
The conceptual row corresponding to the application of Rule #3 to
interface ifIndex = 1 has the following index values: mplsFTNMapIndex
= 1, mplsFTNMapPrevIndex = 1, and mplsFTNMapCurrIndex = 3. To delete
this conceptual row, the Network Management Application performs a
SET operation setting the object instance mplsFTNMapRowStatus.1.1.3
to the value destroy(6). The agent then destroys this conceptual
row. It also automatically adjusts the object instance of
mplsFTNMapPrevIndex corresponding to Rule #2 from the value 3 (i.e.,
pointing to the recently destroyed Rule #3) to the value 1 (i.e., to
Rule #1).
At this point, the rules applied to interface ifIndex = 1 are Rule #1
and Rule #2, in that order. The relationship between different table
entries can be represented pictorially as follows.
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 14]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
ifTable, The Interfaces Group MIB [RFC2863]:
+-> ifEntry (1)
| (ifIndex = 1)
|
| mplsFTNMapTable:
| mplsFTNMapEntry (1.0.1): <--------------------+
+<-- (mplsFTNMapIndex = 1, |
| mplsFTNMapPrevIndex = 0, ---> (NULL) |
| mplsFTNMapCurrIndex = 1) ------------+ |
| | |
| mplsFTNMapEntry (1.1.2): <----------------+ |
+<-- (mplsFTNMapIndex = 1, | | |
mplsFTNMapPrevIndex = 1, ------------+ | |
mplsFTNMapCurrIndex = 2) ----+ | | |
| | | |
mplsFTNTable: | | | |
mplsFTNEntry (2): | | | |
+--> (mplsFTNIndex = 2) <----------+ | | |
| | | |
| mplsFTNEntry (3): | | |
| (mplsFTNIndex = 3) | | |
| | | |
| mplsFTNEntry (1): | | |
| (mplsFTNIndex = 1) <------------------+ | |
| | |
| mplsFTNPerfTable: | |
| mplsFTNPerfEntry (1.2): | |
| (mplsFTNPerfIndex = 1, | |
| mplsFTNPerfCurrIndex = 2) --------------+ |
| |
| mplsFTNPerfEntry (1.1): |
| (mplsFTNPerfIndex = 1, |
| mplsFTNPerfCurrIndex = 1) ------------------+
|
| mplsFTNPerfEntry (2.2):
| (mplsFTNPerfIndex = 2,
| mplsFTNPerfCurrIndex = 2) ------------------+
| |
| ifTable, The Interfaces Group MIB [RFC2863]: |
+---> ifEntry (2): |
| | (ifIndex = 2) |
| | |
| | mplsFTNMapEntry (2.1.2): <--------------------+
+----- (mplsFTNMapIndex = 2
| mplsFTNMapPrevIndex = 0 ---> (NULL)
+---- mplsFTNMapCurrIndex = 2)
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 15]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
Note that the FTN entry for Rule #3 still exists in mplsFTNTable at
this point but is not referenced by any conceptual row in
mplsFTNMapTable or mplsFTNPerfTable.
Also note that the deletion of an entry from mplsFTNMapTable only
impacts the entry on that particular interface immediately after the
deleted entry, if one exists. None of the other conceptual rows in
mplsFTNMapTable are impacted. For instance, in this particular
example, when the entry for Rule #3 was deleted, the entries for
Rules #1 and #2b were not impacted.
8. The Use of RowPointer
RowPointer is a textual convention used to identify a conceptual row
in a conceptual table in a MIB by pointing to the first accessible
object. In this MIB module, in mplsFTNTable, the RowPointer object
mplsFTNActionPointer indicates the LSP or TE Tunnel to redirect
packets matching an FTN entry to. This object MUST point to the
first instance of the first accessible columnar object in the
appropriate conceptual row in order to allow the manager to find the
appropriate corresponding entry in either MPLS-LSR-STD-MIB [RFC3813]
or MPLS-TE-STD-MIB [RFC3812]. If this object returns zeroDotZerok,
it implies that there is no currently defined action that is
associated with that particular FTN entry.
9. MPLS-FTN-STD-MIB Definitions
MPLS-FTN-STD-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS
MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, Unsigned32, Counter64, Integer32
FROM SNMPv2-SMI -- [RFC2578]
RowStatus, StorageType, RowPointer,
TEXTUAL-CONVENTION, TimeStamp
FROM SNMPv2-TC -- [RFC2579]
MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP
FROM SNMPv2-CONF -- [RFC2580]
InterfaceIndexOrZero,
ifGeneralInformationGroup, ifCounterDiscontinuityGroup
FROM IF-MIB -- [RFC2863]
SnmpAdminString
FROM SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB -- [RFC3411]
Dscp
FROM DIFFSERV-DSCP-TC -- [RFC3289]
InetAddressType, InetAddress, InetPortNumber
FROM INET-ADDRESS-MIB -- [RFC3291]
mplsStdMIB
FROM MPLS-TC-STD-MIB -- [RFC3811]
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 16]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
;
mplsFTNStdMIB MODULE-IDENTITY
LAST-UPDATED "200406030000Z" -- June 6, 2004
ORGANIZATION "Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Working Group"
CONTACT-INFO
"
Thomas D. Nadeau
Postal: Cisco Systems, Inc.
250 Apollo Drive
Chelmsford, MA 01824
Tel: +1-978-244-3051
Email: tnadeau@cisco.com
Cheenu Srinivasan
Postal: Bloomberg L.P.
499 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10022
Tel: +1-212-893-3682
Email: cheenu@bloomberg.net
Arun Viswanathan
Postal: Force10 Networks, Inc.
1440 McCarthy Blvd
Milpitas, CA 95035
Tel: +1-408-571-3516
Email: arunv@force10networks.com
IETF MPLS Working Group email: mpls@uu.net"
DESCRIPTION
"Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). The
initial version of this MIB module was published
in RFC 3814. For full legal notices see the RFC
itself or see:
http://www.ietf.org/copyrights/ianamib.html
This MIB module contains managed object definitions for
specifying FEC to NHLFE (FTN) mappings and corresponding
performance for MPLS."
-- Revision history.
REVISION
"200406030000Z" -- June 3, 2004
DESCRIPTION
"Initial version issued as part of RFC 3814."
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 17]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
::= { mplsStdMIB 8 }
-- TEXTUAL-CONVENTIONs used in this MIB.
MplsFTNEntryIndex ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Index for an entry in mplsFTNTable."
SYNTAX Unsigned32 (1..4294967295)
MplsFTNEntryIndexOrZero ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Index for an entry in mplsFTNTable or the special value
zero. The value zero is object-specific and must
therefore be defined as part of the description of any
object which uses this syntax. Examples of the usage
of zero might include situations when none or all
entries in mplsFTNTable need to be referenced."
SYNTAX Unsigned32 (0..4294967295)
-- Top-Level Components of this MIB.
mplsFTNNotifications OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { mplsFTNStdMIB 0 }
mplsFTNObjects OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { mplsFTNStdMIB 1 }
mplsFTNConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { mplsFTNStdMIB 2 }
-- Next free index in mplsFTNTable.
mplsFTNIndexNext OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MplsFTNEntryIndexOrZero
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This object contains the next available valid value to
be used for mplsFTNIndex when creating entries in the
mplsFTNTable.
When creating a new conceptual row (configuration
entry) in mplsFTNTable with an SNMP SET operation the
command generator (Network Management Application) must
first issue a management protocol retrieval operation
to obtain the current value of this object.
If the command responder (agent) does not wish to allow
creation of more entries in mplsFTNTable, possibly
because of resource exhaustion, this object MUST return
a value of 0.
If a non-zero value is returned the Network Management
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 18]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
Application must determine whether the value is indeed
still unused since two Network Management Applications
may attempt to create a row simultaneously and use the
same value.
If it is currently unused and the SET succeeds, the
agent MUST change the value of this object to a
currently unused non-zero value (according to an
implementation specific algorithm) or zero (if no
further row creation will be permitted).
If the value is in use, however, the SET fails and the
Network Management Application must then reread this
object to obtain a new usable value."
::= { mplsFTNObjects 1 }
-- Last time an object in mplsFTNTable changed.
mplsFTNTableLastChanged OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Indicates the last time an entry was added, deleted or
modified in mplsFTNTable. Management stations should
consult this object to determine if mplsFTNTable
requires their attention. This object is particularly
useful for applications performing a retrieval on
mplsFTNTable to ensure that the table is not modified
during the retrieval operation."
::= { mplsFTNObjects 2 }
-- Table of FTN entries.
mplsFTNTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF MplsFTNEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This table contains the currently defined FTN entries.
This table allows FEC to NHLFE mappings to be
specified. Each entry in this table defines a rule to
be applied to incoming packets (on interfaces that the
FTN entry is activated on using mplsFTNMapTable) and an
action to be taken on matching packets
(mplsFTNActionPointer).
This table supports 6-tuple matching rules based on one
or more of source address range, destination address
range, source port range, destination port range, IPv4
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 19]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
Protocol field or IPv6 next-header field and the
DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) to be specified.
The action pointer points either to instance of
mplsXCEntry in MPLS-LSR-STD-MIB when the NHLFE is a non-
TE LSP, or to an instance of mplsTunnelEntry in the
MPLS-TE-STD-MIB when the NHLFE is an originating TE
tunnel."
REFERENCE
"J. Postel, Internet Protocol, RFC 791, STD 5, September
1981
Deering, S., and R. Hinden, Internet Protocol, Version
6 (IPv6) Specification, RFC 2460, December 1998
Nichols, K, Blake, S., Baker, F. and D. Black,
Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS
Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers, RFC 2474, December
1998
Srinivasan, C., A. Viswanathan, and T. Nadeau, MPLS
Label Switch Router Management Information Base,
RFC 3813
Srinivasan, C., A. Viswanathan, and T. Nadeau, MPLS
Traffic Engineering Management Information Base,
RFC 3812"
::= { mplsFTNObjects 3 }
mplsFTNEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MplsFTNEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Each entry represents one FTN entry which defines a
rule to compare incoming packets with and an action to
be taken on matching packets."
INDEX { mplsFTNIndex }
::= { mplsFTNTable 1 }
MplsFTNEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
mplsFTNIndex MplsFTNEntryIndex,
mplsFTNRowStatus RowStatus,
mplsFTNDescr SnmpAdminString,
mplsFTNMask BITS,
mplsFTNAddrType InetAddressType,
mplsFTNSourceAddrMin InetAddress,
mplsFTNSourceAddrMax InetAddress,
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 20]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
mplsFTNDestAddrMin InetAddress,
mplsFTNDestAddrMax InetAddress,
mplsFTNSourcePortMin InetPortNumber,
mplsFTNSourcePortMax InetPortNumber,
mplsFTNDestPortMin InetPortNumber,
mplsFTNDestPortMax InetPortNumber,
mplsFTNProtocol Integer32,
mplsFTNDscp Dscp,
mplsFTNActionType INTEGER,
mplsFTNActionPointer RowPointer,
mplsFTNStorageType StorageType
}
mplsFTNIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MplsFTNEntryIndex
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This is the unique index for a conceptual row in
mplsFTNTable.
To create a new conceptual row in mplsFTNTable a
Network Management Application SHOULD retrieve the
current value of mplsFTNIndexNext to determine the next
valid available value of mplsFTNIndex."
::= { mplsFTNEntry 1 }
mplsFTNRowStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RowStatus
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Used for controlling the creation and deletion of this
row. All writeable objects in this row may be modified
at any time. If a Network Management Application
attempts to delete a conceptual row by setting this
object to 'destroy' and there are one or more entries
in mplsFTNMapTable pointing to the row (i.e., when
mplsFTNIndex of the conceptual row being deleted is
equal to mplsFTNMapCurrIndex for one or more entries in
mplsFTNMapTable), the agent MUST also destroy the
corresponding entries in mplsFTNMapTable."
::= { mplsFTNEntry 2 }
mplsFTNDescr OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SnmpAdminString
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 21]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
DESCRIPTION
"The description of this FTN entry. Since the index for
this table has no particular significance or meaning,
this object should contain some meaningful text that an
operator could use to further distinguish entries in
this table."
::= { mplsFTNEntry 3 }
mplsFTNMask OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX BITS {
sourceAddr(0),
destAddr(1),
sourcePort(2),
destPort(3),
protocol(4),
dscp(5)
}
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This bit map indicates which of the fields described
next, namely source address range, destination address
range, source port range, destination port range, IPv4
Protocol field or IPv6 next-header field and
Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) is active for
this FTN entry. If a particular bit is set to zero then
the corresponding field in the packet MUST be ignored
for comparison purposes."
::= { mplsFTNEntry 4 }
mplsFTNAddrType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InetAddressType
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This object determines the type of address contained in
the source and destination address objects
(mplsFTNSourceAddrMin, mplsFTNSourceAddrMax,
mplsFTNDestAddrMin and mplsFTNDestAddrMax) of a
conceptual row.
This object MUST NOT be set to unknown(0) when
mplsFTNMask has bit positions sourceAddr(0) or
destAddr(1) set to one.
When both these bit positions of mplsFTNMask are set to
zero the value of mplsFTNAddrType SHOULD be set to
unknown(0) and the corresponding source and destination
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 22]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
address objects SHOULD be set to zero-length strings."
::= { mplsFTNEntry 5 }
mplsFTNSourceAddrMin OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InetAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The lower end of the source address range. The type of
this object is determined by the corresponding
mplsFTNAddrType object."
::= { mplsFTNEntry 6 }
mplsFTNSourceAddrMax OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InetAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The upper end of the source address range. The type of
this object is determined by the corresponding
mplsFTNAddrType object."
::= { mplsFTNEntry 7 }
mplsFTNDestAddrMin OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InetAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The lower end of the destination address range. The
type of this object is determined by the corresponding
mplsFTNAddrType object."
::= { mplsFTNEntry 8 }
mplsFTNDestAddrMax OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InetAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The higher end of the destination address range. The
type of this object is determined by the corresponding
mplsFTNAddrType object."
::= { mplsFTNEntry 9 }
mplsFTNSourcePortMin OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InetPortNumber
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 23]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
"The lower end of the source port range."
DEFVAL { 0 }
::= { mplsFTNEntry 10 }
mplsFTNSourcePortMax OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InetPortNumber
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The higher end of the source port range "
DEFVAL { 65535 }
::= { mplsFTNEntry 11 }
mplsFTNDestPortMin OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InetPortNumber
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The lower end of the destination port range."
DEFVAL { 0 }
::= { mplsFTNEntry 12 }
mplsFTNDestPortMax OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InetPortNumber
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The higher end of the destination port range."
DEFVAL { 65535 }
::= { mplsFTNEntry 13 }
mplsFTNProtocol OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (0..255)
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The IP protocol to match against the IPv4 protocol
number or IPv6 Next-Header number in the packet. A
value of 255 means match all. Note that the protocol
number of 255 is reserved by IANA, and Next-Header
number of 0 is used in IPv6."
DEFVAL { 255 }
::= { mplsFTNEntry 14 }
mplsFTNDscp OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Dscp
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 24]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
DESCRIPTION
"The contents of the DSCP field."
REFERENCE
"Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F. and D. Black,
Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS
Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers, RFC 2474, December
1998."
::= { mplsFTNEntry 15 }
mplsFTNActionType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER {
redirectLsp(1), -- redirect into LSP
redirectTunnel(2) -- redirect into tunnel
}
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The type of action to be taken on packets matching this
FTN entry."
::= { mplsFTNEntry 16 }
mplsFTNActionPointer OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RowPointer
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"If mplsFTNActionType is redirectLsp(1), then this
object MUST contain zeroDotZero or point to a instance
of mplsXCEntry indicating the LSP to redirect matching
packets to.
If mplsFTNActionType is redirectTunnel(2), then this
object MUST contain zeroDotZero or point to a instance
of mplsTunnelEntry indicating the MPLS TE tunnel to
redirect matching packets to.
If this object points to a conceptual row instance in a
table consistent with mplsFTNActionType but this
instance does not currently exist then no action will
be taken on packets matching such an FTN entry till
this instance comes into existence.
If this object contains zeroDotZero then no action will
be taken on packets matching such an FTN entry till it
is populated with a valid pointer consistent with the
value of mplsFTNActionType as explained above."
::= { mplsFTNEntry 17 }
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 25]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
mplsFTNStorageType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX StorageType
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The storage type for this FTN entry. Conceptual rows
having the value 'permanent' need not allow write-
access to any columnar objects in the row."
DEFVAL { nonVolatile }
::= { mplsFTNEntry 18 }
-- End of mplsFTNTable.
-- Last time an object in mplsFTNMapTable changed.
mplsFTNMapTableLastChanged OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Indicates the last time an entry was added, deleted or
modified in mplsFTNMapTable. Management stations should
consult this object to determine if the table requires
their attention. This object is particularly useful
for applications performing a retrieval on
mplsFTNMapTable to ensure that the table is not
modified during the retrieval operation."
::= { mplsFTNObjects 4 }
-- FTN to interface mapping table.
mplsFTNMapTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF MplsFTNMapEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This table contains objects which provide the
capability to apply or map FTN rules as defined by
entries in mplsFTNTable to specific interfaces in the
system. FTN rules are compared with incoming packets
in the order in which they are applied on an interface.
The indexing structure of mplsFTNMapTable is as
follows.
- mplsFTNMapIndex indicates the interface to which the
rule is being applied. A value of 0 represents the
application of the rule to all interfaces.
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 26]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
- mplsFTNMapPrevIndex specifies the rule on the
interface prior to the one being applied. A value of
0 specifies that the rule is being inserted at the
head of the list of rules currently applied to the
interface.
- mplsFTNMapCurrIndex is the index in mplsFTNTable
corresponding to the rule being applied.
This indexing structure makes the entries in the table
behave like items in a linked-list. The object
mplsFTNMapPrevIndex in each conceptual row is a pointer
to the previous entry that is applied to a particular
interface. This allows a new entry to be 'inserted' at
an arbitrary position in a list of entries currently
applied to an interface. This object is self-
adjusting, i.e., its value is automatically adjusted by
the agent, if necessary, after an insertion or deletion
operation.
Using this linked-list structure, one can retrieve FTN
entries in the order of application on a per-interface
basis as follows:
- To determine the first FTN entry on an interface
with index ifIndex perform a GETNEXT retrieval
operation on mplsFTNMapRowStatus.ifIndex.0.0; the
returned object, if one exists, is (say)
mplsFTNMapRowStatus.ifIndex.0.n (mplsFTNMapRowStatus
is the first accessible columnar object in the
conceptual row). Then the index of the first FTN
entry applied on this interface is n.
- To determine the FTN entry applied to an interface
after the one indexed by n perform a GETNEXT
retrieval operation on
mplsFTNMapRowStatus.ifIndex.n.0. If such an entry
exists the returned object would be of the form
mplsFTNMapRowStatus.ifIndex.n.m. Then the index of
the next FTN entry applied on this interface is m.
- If the FTN entry indexed by n is the last entry
applied to the interface with index ifIndex then the
object returned would either be:
1.mplsFTNMapRowStatus.ifIndexNext.0.k, where
ifIndexNext is the index of the next interface in
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 27]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
ifTable to which an FTN entry has been applied, in
which case k is the index of the first FTN entry
applied to the interface with index ifIndexNext;
or:
2.mplsFTNMapStorageType.firstIfIndex.0.p, if there
are no more entries in mplsFTNMapTable, where
firstIfIndex is the first entry in ifTable to
which an FTN entry has been mapped.
Use the above steps to retrieve all the applied FTN
entries on a per-interface basis in application order.
Note that the number of retrieval operations is the
same as the number of applied FTN entries (i.e., the
minimum number of GETNEXT operations needed using any
indexing scheme).
Agents MUST NOT allow the same FTN entry as specified
by mplsFTNMapCurrIndex to be applied multiple times to
the same interface.
Agents MUST NOT allow the creation of rows in this
table until the corresponding rows are created in the
mplsFTNTable.
If a row in mplsFTNTable is destroyed, the agent MUST
destroy the corresponding entries (i.e., ones with a
matching value of mplsFTNCurrIndex) in this table as
well."
::= { mplsFTNObjects 5 }
mplsFTNMapEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MplsFTNMapEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Each conceptual row represents the application of an
FTN rule at a specific position in the list of FTN
rules applied on an interface. "
INDEX {
mplsFTNMapIndex,
mplsFTNMapPrevIndex,
mplsFTNMapCurrIndex
}
::= { mplsFTNMapTable 1 }
MplsFTNMapEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 28]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
mplsFTNMapIndex InterfaceIndexOrZero,
mplsFTNMapPrevIndex MplsFTNEntryIndexOrZero,
mplsFTNMapCurrIndex MplsFTNEntryIndex,
mplsFTNMapRowStatus RowStatus,
mplsFTNMapStorageType StorageType
}
mplsFTNMapIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InterfaceIndexOrZero
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The interface index that this FTN entry is being
applied to. A value of zero indicates an entry that is
applied all interfaces.
Entries mapped to an interface by specifying its (non-
zero) interface index in mplsFTNMapIndex are applied
ahead of entries with mplsFTNMapIndex equal to zero."
::= { mplsFTNMapEntry 1 }
mplsFTNMapPrevIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MplsFTNEntryIndexOrZero
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The index of the previous FTN entry that was applied to
this interface. The special value zero indicates that
this should be the first FTN entry in the list."
::= { mplsFTNMapEntry 2 }
mplsFTNMapCurrIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MplsFTNEntryIndex
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Index of the current FTN entry that is being applied to
this interface."
::= { mplsFTNMapEntry 3 }
mplsFTNMapRowStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RowStatus {
active(1),
createAndGo(4),
destroy(6)
}
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 29]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
DESCRIPTION
"Used for controlling the creation and deletion of this
row.
All writable objects in this row may be modified at any
time.
If a conceptual row in mplsFTNMapTable points to a
conceptual row in mplsFTNTable which is subsequently
deleted, the corresponding conceptual row in
mplsFTNMapTable MUST also be deleted by the agent."
::= { mplsFTNMapEntry 4 }
mplsFTNMapStorageType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX StorageType
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The storage type for this entry. Conceptual rows
having the value 'permanent' need not allow write-
access to any columnar objects in this row."
DEFVAL { nonVolatile }
::= { mplsFTNMapEntry 5 }
-- End of mplsFTNMapTable
-- FTN entry performance table
mplsFTNPerfTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF MplsFTNPerfEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This table contains performance statistics on FTN
entries on a per-interface basis."
::= { mplsFTNObjects 6 }
mplsFTNPerfEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MplsFTNPerfEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Each entry contains performance information for the
specified interface and an FTN entry mapped to this
interface."
INDEX { mplsFTNPerfIndex, mplsFTNPerfCurrIndex }
::= { mplsFTNPerfTable 1 }
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 30]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
MplsFTNPerfEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
mplsFTNPerfIndex InterfaceIndexOrZero,
mplsFTNPerfCurrIndex MplsFTNEntryIndex,
mplsFTNPerfMatchedPackets Counter64,
mplsFTNPerfMatchedOctets Counter64,
mplsFTNPerfDiscontinuityTime TimeStamp
}
mplsFTNPerfIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InterfaceIndexOrZero
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The interface index of an interface that an FTN entry
has been applied/mapped to. Each instance of this
object corresponds to an instance of mplsFTNMapIndex."
::= { mplsFTNPerfEntry 1 }
mplsFTNPerfCurrIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MplsFTNEntryIndex
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Index of an FTN entry that has been applied/mapped to
the specified interface. Each instance of this object
corresponds to an instance of mplsFTNMapCurrIndex."
::= { mplsFTNPerfEntry 2 }
mplsFTNPerfMatchedPackets OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter64
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Number of packets that matched the specified FTN entry
if it is applied/mapped to the specified interface.
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
at re-initialization of the management system, and at
other times as indicated by the value of
mplsFTNDiscontinuityTime."
::= { mplsFTNPerfEntry 3 }
mplsFTNPerfMatchedOctets OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter64
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Number of octets that matched the specified FTN entry
if it is applied/mapped to the specified interface.
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 31]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
at re-initialization of the management system, and at
other times as indicated by the value of
mplsFTNDiscontinuityTime."
::= { mplsFTNPerfEntry 4 }
mplsFTNPerfDiscontinuityTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The value of sysUpTime on the most recent occasion at
which any one or more of this entry's counters suffered
a discontinuity. If no such discontinuities have
occurred since the last re-initialization of the local
management subsystem, then this object contains a zero
value."
::= { mplsFTNPerfEntry 5 }
-- End of mplsFTNPerfTable
-- Module compliance.
-- Top level object IDs.
mplsFTNGroups
OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { mplsFTNConformance 1 }
mplsFTNCompliances
OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { mplsFTNConformance 2 }
-- Compliance requirement for fully compliant implementations.
mplsFTNModuleFullCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Compliance statement for agents that provide full
support for MPLS-FTN-STD-MIB."
MODULE IF-MIB -- The Interfaces Group MIB, RFC 2863.
MANDATORY-GROUPS {
ifGeneralInformationGroup,
ifCounterDiscontinuityGroup
}
MODULE -- This module.
MANDATORY-GROUPS {
mplsFTNRuleGroup,
mplsFTNMapGroup,
mplsFTNPerfGroup
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 32]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
}
OBJECT mplsFTNAddrType
SYNTAX InetAddressType { ipv4(1), ipv6(2) }
DESCRIPTION
"An implementation is only required to support IPv4
and/or IPv6 addresses. An implementation is only
required to support the address types that are actually
supported on the LSR."
OBJECT mplsFTNSourceAddrMin
SYNTAX InetAddress (SIZE (4 | 20))
DESCRIPTION
"An implementation is only required to support IPv4
and/or IPv6 addresses. An implementation is only
required to support the address types that are actually
supported on the LSR."
OBJECT mplsFTNSourceAddrMax
SYNTAX InetAddress (SIZE (4 | 20))
DESCRIPTION
"An implementation is only required to support IPv4
and/or IPv6 addresses. An implementation is only
required to support the address types that are actually
supported on the LSR."
OBJECT mplsFTNDestAddrMin
SYNTAX InetAddress (SIZE (4 | 20))
DESCRIPTION
"An implementation is only required to support IPv4
and/or IPv6 addresses. An implementation is only
required to support the address types that are actually
supported on the LSR."
OBJECT mplsFTNDestAddrMax
SYNTAX InetAddress (SIZE (4 | 20))
DESCRIPTION
"An implementation is only required to support IPv4
and/or IPv6 addresses. An implementation is only
required to support the address types that are actually
supported on the LSR."
::= { mplsFTNCompliances 1 }
-- Compliance requirement for read-only implementations.
mplsFTNModuleReadOnlyCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Compliance requirement for implementations that only
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 33]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
provide read-only support for MPLS-FTN-STD-MIB. Such
devices can then be monitored but cannot be configured
using this MIB module."
MODULE IF-MIB -- The interfaces Group MIB, RFC 2863
MANDATORY-GROUPS {
ifGeneralInformationGroup,
ifCounterDiscontinuityGroup
}
MODULE -- This module
MANDATORY-GROUPS {
mplsFTNRuleGroup,
mplsFTNMapGroup,
mplsFTNPerfGroup
}
OBJECT mplsFTNIndexNext
MIN-ACCESS not-accessible
DESCRIPTION
"This object is not needed when mplsFTNTable is
implemented as read-only."
OBJECT mplsFTNRowStatus
SYNTAX RowStatus { active(1) }
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required, and active is the only
status that needs to be supported."
OBJECT mplsFTNDescr
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT mplsFTNMask
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT mplsFTNAddrType
SYNTAX InetAddressType { ipv4(1), ipv6(2) }
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required. An implementation is only
required to support IPv4 and IPv6 addresses."
OBJECT mplsFTNSourceAddrMin
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 34]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
SYNTAX InetAddress (SIZE (4 | 20))
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required. An implementation is only
required to support IPv4 and IPv6 addresses."
OBJECT mplsFTNSourceAddrMax
SYNTAX InetAddress (SIZE (4 | 20))
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required. An implementation is only
required to support IPv4 and IPv6 addresses."
OBJECT mplsFTNDestAddrMin
SYNTAX InetAddress (SIZE (4 | 20))
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required. An implementation is only
required to support IPv4 and IPv6 addresses."
OBJECT mplsFTNDestAddrMax
SYNTAX InetAddress (SIZE (4 | 20))
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required. An implementation is only
required to support IPv4 and IPv6 addresses."
OBJECT mplsFTNSourcePortMin
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT mplsFTNSourcePortMax
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT mplsFTNDestPortMin
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT mplsFTNDestPortMax
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT mplsFTNProtocol
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 35]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT mplsFTNActionType
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT mplsFTNActionPointer
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT mplsFTNDscp
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT mplsFTNStorageType
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT mplsFTNMapRowStatus
SYNTAX RowStatus { active(1) }
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required, and active(1) is the only
status that needs to be supported."
OBJECT mplsFTNMapStorageType
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
::= { mplsFTNCompliances 2 }
-- Units of conformance.
mplsFTNRuleGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
mplsFTNIndexNext,
mplsFTNTableLastChanged,
mplsFTNRowStatus,
mplsFTNDescr,
mplsFTNMask,
mplsFTNAddrType,
mplsFTNSourceAddrMin,
mplsFTNSourceAddrMax,
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 36]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
mplsFTNDestAddrMin,
mplsFTNDestAddrMax,
mplsFTNSourcePortMin,
mplsFTNSourcePortMax,
mplsFTNDestPortMin,
mplsFTNDestPortMax,
mplsFTNProtocol,
mplsFTNActionType,
mplsFTNActionPointer,
mplsFTNDscp,
mplsFTNStorageType
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Collection of objects that implement MPLS FTN rules."
::= { mplsFTNGroups 1 }
mplsFTNMapGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
mplsFTNMapTableLastChanged,
mplsFTNMapRowStatus,
mplsFTNMapStorageType
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Collection of objects that implement activation of MPLS
FTN entries on interfaces."
::= { mplsFTNGroups 2 }
mplsFTNPerfGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
mplsFTNPerfMatchedPackets,
mplsFTNPerfMatchedOctets,
mplsFTNPerfDiscontinuityTime
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Collection of objects providing MPLS FTN performance
information."
::= { mplsFTNGroups 3 }
END
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 37]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
10. Security Considerations
This MIB module can be used to configure LSRs to redirect non-MPLS
traffic into an MPLS cloud. As such, improper manipulation of the
objects represented in this MIB module may result in traffic being
redirected to unintended destinations, potentially resulting in
denial of service to end-users.
There are a number of management objects defined in this MIB module
with a MAX-ACCESS clause of read-write and/or read-create. Such
objects may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network
environments. The support for SET operations in a non-secure
environment without proper protection can have a negative effect on
network operations. These are the tables and objects and their
sensitivity/vulnerability:
- mplsFTNTable and mplsFTNMapTable can be used to create packet
matching rules for classifying IPv4 or IPv6 traffic and
redirecting matched packets into the MPLS cloud. Modifying
objects in these tables can result in the misdirection of traffic
and potential denial of service to end-users. It may also result
in traffic which was intended to be redirected into the MPLS cloud
being routed through the IP network instead, potentially resulting
in degradation of service quality or outright denial of service.
Some of the readable objects in this MIB module (i.e., objects with a
MAX-ACCESS other than not-accessible) may be considered sensitive or
vulnerable in some network environments. It is thus important to
control even GET and/or NOTIFY access to these objects and possibly
to even encrypt the values of these objects when sending them over
the network via SNMP. These are the tables and objects and their
sensitivity/vulnerability:
- mplsFTNPerfTable provides counters for monitoring the performance
of packet classification rules defined in mplsFTNTable and
mplsFTNMapTable. Unauthorized read access to objects in these
tables may be used to gain traffic flow information.
SNMP versions prior to SNMPv3 did not include adequate security.
Even if the network itself is secure (for example by using IPSec),
even then, there is no control as to who on the secure network is
allowed to access and GET/SET (read/change/create/delete) the objects
in this MIB module.
It is RECOMMENDED that implementers consider the security features as
provided by the SNMPv3 framework (see [RFC3410], section 8),
including full support for the SNMPv3 cryptographic mechanisms (for
authentication and privacy).
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 38]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
Further, deployment of SNMP versions prior to SNMPv3 is NOT
RECOMMENDED. Instead, it is RECOMMENDED that SNMPv3 be deployed and
cryptographic security be enabled. It is then a customer/operator
responsibility to ensure that the SNMP entity giving access to an
instance of this MIB module is properly configured to give access to
the objects to only those principals (users) that have legitimate
rights to indeed GET or SET (change/create/delete) them.
11. IANA Considerations
As described in [MPLSMGMT] and as requested in [RFC3811], MPLS
related standards-track MIB modules should be rooted under the
mplsStdMIB subtree. New assignments can only be made by a standards
action as specified in [RFC2434].
11.1. IANA Considerations for MPLS-FTN-STD-MIB
The IANA has assigned mplsStdMIB 8 to the MPLS-FTN-STD-MIB module
specified in this document.
12. References
12.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key Words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2578] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., and J. Schoenwaelder,
"Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)",
STD 58, RFC 2578, April 1999.
[RFC2579] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., and J. Schoenwaelder,
"Textual Conventions for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2579, April
1999.
[RFC2580] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., and J. Schoenwaelder,
"Conformance Statements for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2580,
April 1999.
[RFC2863] McCloghrie, K. and F. Kastenholz, "The Interfaces Group
MIB", RFC 2863, June 2000.
[RFC3031] Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., and R. Callon, "Multiprotocol
Label Switching Architecture", RFC 3031, January 2001.
[RFC3289] Baker, F., Chan, K., and A. Smith, "Management Information
Base for the Differentiated Services Architecture", RFC
3289, May 2002.
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 39]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
[RFC3291] Daniele, M., Haberman, B., Routhier, S., and J.
Schoenwaelder, "Textual Conventions for Internet Network
Addresses", RFC 3291, May 2002.
[RFC3411] Harrington, D., Presuhn, R., and B. Wijnen, "An
Architecture for Describing Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP) Management Frameworks", STD 62, RFC 3411,
December 2002.
[RFC3813] Srinivasan, C., Viswanathan, A., and T. Nadeau,
"Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Switching
Router (LSR) Management Information Base (MIB)", RFC 3813,
June 2004.
[RFC3811] Nadeau, T., and J. Cucchiara, J., Editors, "Definition of
Textual Conventions (TCs) for Multi-Protocol Label
Switching (MPLS) Management", RFC 3811, June 2004.
[RFC3812] Srinivasan, C., Viswanathan, A., and T. Nadeau,
"Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering
(TE) Management Information Base (MIB)", RFC 3812, June
2004.
12.2. Informative References
[MPLSMGMT] Nadeau, T., Srinivasan, C., and A. Farrel, "Multiprotocol
Label Switching (MPLS) Management Overview", Work in
Progress, September 2003.
[RFC791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791, September
1981.
[RFC1519] Fuller, V., Li, T., Yu, J., and K. Varadhan, "Classless
Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): an Address Assignment and
Aggregation Strategy", RFC 1519, September 1993.
[RFC2026] Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision
3", BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.
[RFC2434] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434,
October 1998.
[RFC2460] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 40]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
[RFC2474] Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black,
"Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS
Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474, December
1998.
[RFC3410] Case, J., Mundy, R., Partain, D., and B. Stewart,
"Introduction and Applicability Statements for Internet-
Standard Management Framework", RFC 3410, December 2002.
13. Acknowledgements
We would particularly like to thank Bert Wijnen for the substantial
time and effort he spent in helping us improve this document. We
would also like to thank David Perkins, Joan Cucchiara, Mike Piecuch,
and Adrien Grise for their insightful comments and additions to this
document.
14. Authors' Addresses
Thomas D. Nadeau
Cisco Systems, Inc.
300 Apollo Drive
Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: +1-978-244-3051
EMail: tnadeau@cisco.com
Cheenu Srinivasan
Bloomberg L.P.
499 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10022
Phone: +1-212-893-3682
EMail: cheenu@bloomberg.net
Arun Viswanathan
Force10 Networks, Inc.
1440 McCarthy Blvd
Milpitas, CA 95035
Phone: +1-408-571-3516
EMail: arunv@force10networks.com
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 41]
RFC 3814 MPLS FTN MIB June 2004
15. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). This document is subject
to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and
except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE
REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE
INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Intellectual Property
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed
to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology
described in this document or the extent to which any license
under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it
represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any
such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to
rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use
of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository
at http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention
any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other
proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required
to implement this standard. Please address the information to the
IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org.
Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
Nadeau, et al. Standards Track [Page 42]
RFC, FYI, BCP