Network Working Group A. Newton
Request for Comments: 4414 VeriSign, Inc.
Category: Standards Track February 2006
An ENUM Registry Type
for the Internet Registry Information Service (IRIS)
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
Abstract
This document describes an Internet Registry Information Service
(IRIS) registry schema for registered ENUM information. The schema
extends the necessary query and result operations of IRIS to provide
the functional information service needs for syntaxes and results
used by ENUM registries.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................3
2. Document Terminology ............................................3
3. Schema Description ..............................................3
3.1. Query Derivatives ..........................................3
3.1.1. Query .............................3
3.1.2. Query ..........................4
3.1.3. Query ................................4
3.1.4. Query .............................4
3.1.5. Contact Search Group ................................5
3.2. Result Derivatives .........................................5
3.2.1. Privacy Labels ......................................5
3.2.2. Contact Group .......................................7
3.2.3. Result .......................................8
3.2.4. Result ......................................12
3.2.5. Result ...................................13
3.2.6. Result .....................15
3.2.7. Result ..........................16
3.2.8. Result ..............17
3.2.9. Result ...........................18
3.3. Generic Code Derivatives ..................................19
3.3.1. ....................................19
3.3.2. .............................19
3.4. Support for ...........................19
4. Formal XML Syntax ..............................................21
5. Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP) Transport
Compliance .....................................................46
5.1. Message Pattern ...........................................46
5.2. Server Authentication .....................................46
6. URI Resolution .................................................46
6.1. Application Service Label .................................46
7. Internationalization Considerations ............................46
8. IANA Considerations ............................................47
8.1. XML Namespace URN Registration ............................47
8.2. S-NAPTR Registration ......................................48
8.3. BEEP Registration .........................................48
9. Security Considerations ........................................48
10. Normative References ..........................................48
A. Contributions and Acknowledgements ............................50
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1. Introduction
This document describes an IRIS registry schema for registries of
ENUM data using an XML Schema [4] derived from and using the IRIS [5]
schema.
The schema given is this document is specified using the Extensible
Markup Language (XML) 1.0 as described in XML [1], XML Schema
notation as described in XML_SD [3] and XML_SS [4], and XML
Namespaces as described in XML_NS [2].
2. Document Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [10].
This document uses the term "ENUM" as the fully qualified domain name
following the conventions of ENUM [17].
3. Schema Description
IRIS requires the derivation of both query and result elements by a
registry schema. These descriptions follow.
References to XML elements with no namespace qualifier are from the
schema defined in Section 4. References to elements and attributes
with the "iris" XML namespace qualifier are from the schema defined
in IRIS [5].
The descriptions contained within this section refer to XML elements
and attributes and their relation to the exchange of data within the
protocol. These descriptions also contain specifications outside the
scope of the formal XML syntax. Therefore, this section will use
terms defined by RFC 2119 [10] to describe the specification outside
the scope of the formal XML syntax. While reading this section,
please reference Section 4 for needed details on the formal XML
syntax.
3.1. Query Derivatives
3.1.1. Query
finds ENUM domains by searching on prefixes of
E.164 numbers and returns (Section 3.2.3) results.
The E.164 prefix is specified using the child of
. An optional child element of ,
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, can narrow the search to ENUM domains associated with
E.164 numbers that are either more specific or less specific. If the
element is present and has the content 'less', then the
search is to be narrowed to E.164 numbers that are less specific
(i.e., have fewer digits). If the element is present
and has the content 'more', then the search is to be narrowed to
E.164 numbers that are more specific (i.e., have more digits).
3.1.2. Query
finds ENUM domains by searches on fields
associated with an ENUM domain's contact.
The allowable search fields are handled with either the
element or one of the elements in the
"contactSearchGroup" (see Section 3.1.5). The
element allows for the ENUM domains to be selected based on the
contact having the specified contact handle.
The query MAY also be constrained further using the optional
element. The contents of this element signify the role the contact
has with the ENUM domain.
This query also provides optional elements containing
language tags. Clients MAY use these elements to give a hint about
the natural language(s) of the affected element. Servers MAY use
this information in processing the query, such as tailoring
normalization routines to aid in more effective searches.
3.1.3. Query
searches for contacts given search constraints.
The allowable search fields are handled by one of the elements in the
"contactSearchGroup" (see Section 3.1.5).
This query also provides optional elements containing
language tags. Clients MAY use these elements to give a hint about
the natural language(s) of the affected element. Servers MAY use
this information in processing the query, such as tailoring
normalization routines to aid in more effective searches.
3.1.4. Query
This query does a simple search for the ENUM domains being hosted by
a name server. The search is constrained using either the host name
[12], host handle, IPv4 address, or IPv6 address of the name server.
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3.1.5. Contact Search Group
Some of the queries above have similar query constraints for
searching on contacts. This section describes those common
parameters.
allows the query to be constrained based on the common
name of the contact. The constraint can either constrain the query
by an exact match using the element, or it may constrain
the query by a subset of the common name using the and
elements.
allows the query to be constrained based on the
organization name of the contact. It has the same semantics as the
element.
constrains the query based on the e-mail address of the
contact. This may be done by an exact e-mail address using the
element or by any e-mail address in a domain using the
element. The MUST only contain a valid domain
name (i.e., no '@' symbol), and the matching SHOULD take place only
on the domain given (i.e., no partial matches with respect to
substrings or parent domains). If either the contents of the
element or domain part of the contents of the
element contain a name with non-ASCII characters, they MUST be
normalized according to the processes of RFC 3491 [15].
The , , and elements restrict the scope of
the query based on the city, region, or postal code of the contact,
respectively. Each one must only contain an element
containing the exact city, region, or postal code (i.e., no substring
searches).
3.2. Result Derivatives
3.2.1. Privacy Labels
Several of the results in this registry type have values that cannot
be given but must be specified as present or must be flagged so that
clients do not divulge them. In order to achieve this, some of the
results use the following element types:
o "dateTimePrivacyType" - contains the XML Schema [3] data type
"dateTime". The contents of this element MUST be specified using
the 'Z' indicator for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
o "stringPrivacyType" - contains the XML Schema [3] data type
"string".
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o "normalizedStringPrivacyType" - contains the XML Schema [3] data
type "normalizedString".
o "tokenPrivacyType" - contains the XML Schema [3] data type
"token".
o "enumStatusType" - describes a state for an ENUM domain. This
element has the following optional attributes:
* 'scope' - indicates the scope or origin of the status value.
* 'disposition' - contains either the value "pending", meaning
that initial processing for this status has begun and is not
yet complete, or the value "prohibited", meaning this ENUM
domain cannot achieve this status according to either the
registry or registrar of this ENUM domain.
* 'actor' - contains either the value "registry", meaning this
status value has been associated with this ENUM domain by the
registry, or the value "registrar", meaning this status value
has been associated with this ENUM domain by the registrar.
This element has the following optional child elements:
* - indicates the date and time the status was
applied.
* - provides a textual description of the status.
This element has a required 'language' attribute.
* - indicates a jurisdictional-dependent reason for
this status value. This element has a required 'authority'
attribute to indicate the jurisdictional authority associated
with this sub-status.
o "contactTypeType" - contains an optional child
elements. Each child element requires a 'language'
attribute.
As specified, they are nillable and therefore may be present with
empty content or present with their specified content. The use of
these elements is also optional.
If present without content, each of these element types MUST have one
or more of the following boolean attributes:
o 'private' - if true, this specifies that the content is absent
because it may never be published.
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o 'denied' - if true, this specifies that the content is absent
because policy does not allow it to be given under the current
level of access.
If present with content, each of these element types MAY have one or
more of the following boolean attributes:
o 'doNotRedistribute' - if true, this specifies that the content is
not to be redistributed.
o 'specialAccess' - if true, this specifies that the content has
been provided due to special access rights.
These boolean attributes SHOULD be used in accordance with the level
of access being granted the recipient of the data. For example,
marking data as 'private' or 'denied' is to be expected if the user
is anonymous or has some other low level of access that does not
warrant viewing of that particular data. Likewise, data marked with
'doNotRedistribute' or 'specialAccess' is to be expected if the user
is authenticated and has a high level of access.
3.2.2. Contact Group
Many of the results share a set of references to contacts regarding
an associated role. These are represented by the following elements:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Each of these elements contains an entity reference. The referent of
each MUST be a (Section 3.2.5).
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3.2.3. Result
An example of a result:
+1 703 555 1234
Bill Eckels
Mark Kosters
AUTO-LOCK
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AUTO-LOCK
AUTO-LOCK
STANDARD RGP
The result represents an instance of an ENUM domain
assignment. The children of the element are as follows:
o - the E.164 number for this ENUM domain as defined by
[13]. It is RECOMMENDED that only space characters be used
between the digits of these E.164 numbers, as of the international
number format defined in [14].
o - a registry-unique assigned identifier to an ENUM
domain.
o - MUST contain an entity reference to a referent of
type (Section 3.2.4).
o - elements containing an entity reference to the
registrant of this ENUM domain. The referent MUST be a
(Section 3.2.5) result.
o ENUM domain contacts - see Section 3.2.2.
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o - may contain at least one of the following elements of
type 'enumStatusType' (see Section 3.2.1).
* - this ENUM domain falls outside the normal
registration rules and/or processes for registration
* - assigned to a registrant
* - available via DNS (either via delegation or direct
publication)
* - unavailable via DNS
* - registrant assignment is in dispute
* - registrant assignment removed
* - change of authority
* - modification of this ENUM domain
* - renewal of ENUM domain registration
* - period at the creation or activation of this ENUM
domain (see RFC 3915 [18])
* - period at the renewal of this ENUM domain (see
RFC 3915 [18])
* - period at the automatic renewal of this
ENUM domain (see RFC 3915 [18])
* - period at the transfer of this ENUM domain
(see RFC 3915 [18])
* - period at the redemption of this ENUM
domain (see RFC 3915 [18])
* - change to previous status of this ENUM domain
* - a status only defined by its child
element
As stated in Section 3.2.1, each status value may have flags to
indicate the entity responsible for assigning the status (e.g.,
actor='registrar') and the nature of the status (e.g.,
disposition="prohibited"). Any one status value MUST NOT imply
other status values. For instance, is just an
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indication that the ENUM domain is given special reserved
status; the - an element containing an entity
reference, the referent of which MUST be an
(Section 3.2.3). The intention of this element is to point to the
downstream registration reference. Therefore, if this is a result
given back by an ENUM domain registry, it should point to the ENUM
domain in the ENUM domain registrar or registrant service.
o - contains an entity reference specifying the ENUM
domain registry operator for this ENUM domain that MUST be a
(Section 3.2.6).
o - contains an entity reference specifying the ENUM
domain registrar operator for this ENUM domain that MUST be a
(Section 3.2.6).
o - contains an entity reference specifying the
validation entity for this ENUM domain that MUST be a
(Section 3.2.7).
o communication service providers - the following elements contain
an entity reference with a relationship to the ENUM domain. The
referent of each MUST be a
(Section 3.2.8).
*
*
*
*
*
o -- elements containing an entity reference to
validation events related to this ENUM domain. The referent MUST
be a (Section 3.2.9).
o - an element containing the date and
time of the initial delegation of this ENUM domain.
o - an element containing the date and time of
last renewal of this ENUM domain.
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o - an element containing the date and time of
the expiration of this ENUM domain.
o - specifies the last time a
contact for the ENUM domain was added or removed.
o - an element containing an entity
reference. The referent MUST be a (Section 3.2.5)
responsible for the last addition or removal of a contact for this
ENUM domain.
o - an element containing the
date and time of the last time one of the nameservers was added or
removed for the delegation of this ENUM domain.
o - an element containing an entity
reference. The referent MUST be a (Section 3.2.5)
result and be responsible for the last addition or removal of a
nameserver for this ENUM domain.
o - an element containing the date and
time of the last time the data for this domain was verified by the
responsible registration authority.
o - an element containing an entity reference
specifying a referent that is indirectly associated with this
domain.
3.2.4. Result
An example of a result:
nsol184
a.iana-servers.net
192.0.2.43
The element represents an instance of a host registration.
The children of the element are as follows:
o - a registry-unique assigned identifier for the host.
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o - the fully qualified domain name of the host. The
contents of this element are a host name and MUST conform to RFC
1123 [19].
o - the content of which MUST conform to a valid
IP version 4 host address as specified by RFC 791 [8].
o - the content of which MUST conform to a valid
IP version 6 host address as specified by RFC 3513 [7].
o - an element containing an entity reference
specifying a contact associated with this host. The referent MUST
be (Section 3.2.5) results.
o - an element containing the date and time this
host was created.
o - an element containing the date and
time this host was last modified.
o - an element containing the date and
time this data for this host was last verified to be correct by
the appropriate registration authority.
o - an element containing an entity reference
specifying a referent that is indirectly associated with this
host.
3.2.5. Result
An example of a result:
example-admin
Example.Org Manager
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
res-dom@example.org
123 Mocking Bird Lane
Some City
CA
00000
US
+1234567890
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The element represents an instance of a contact
registration. The children of the element are as follows:
o - a registry-unique assigned identifier for this
contact.
o - the name of the contact.
o - a specification of the language code to use to
localize the data in this result.
o - contains one of the following child elements: ,
, , or . Each of these elements is a
"contactTypeType" as defined in Section 3.2.1.
o - an element containing the organization name of
the contact.
o The child element contains a jurisdictional identifier
of this contact (an example of such an identifier is a national
taxation ID or a commercial registry number).
o - elements containing an e-mail address for this contact.
o - elements containing a SIP URI for this contact.
o - elements containing children representing a
postal address. has the following children:
* - an element containing the street address for this
contact.
* - an element containing the city for this contact.
* - an element containing the national region for this
contact.
* - an element containing the postal code for this
contact.
* - an element containing the country for this contact.
This SHOULD be a 2-letter country code compliant with ISO 3166
[11].
o - elements containing a voice phone number for this
contact. If it begins with a '+' (plus) character, it MUST be a
number defined by E.164 [13]. The format number defined in E.164
[13] is RECOMMENDED.
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o - elements containing a facsimile phone number for this
contact. If it begins with a '+' (plus) character, it MUST be a
number defined by E.164 [13]. The format number defined in E.164
[13] is RECOMMENDED.
o - an element containing the date and time this
contact was created.
o - an element containing the date and
time this contact was last modified.
o - an element containing the date and
time this data for this contact was last verified to be correct by
the appropriate registration authority.
o - an element containing an entity reference
specifying equivalents of this contact that have been translated
into other languages. The referent MUST be
(Section 3.2.5) results.
o - an element containing an entity reference
specifying a referent that is indirectly associated with this
contact.
3.2.6. Result
An example of a result:
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
The result represents an entity capable of
registering domains.
The child element of
contains an entity reference pointing to the entity "id" in the
entity class "iris".
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The child element contains the name of the
registration authority.
The child element contains an identifier of this
registration authority (an example of such an identifier is a
national taxation ID or a commercial registry number).
The registration authority type child elements, ,
, and , determine the role in which this
registration authority plays in the process of registering ENUM
domains. The intent of this element is to explain the various roles
a registration authority may have with regards to the authority areas
pointed to by the element. A client MAY understand
the relationship of a registration authority with respect to an ENUM
domain by the placement of the reference in the domain (e.g.,
or ).
contacts - see Section 3.2.2.
- an element containing an entity reference specifying
a referent that is indirectly associated with this registration
authority.
3.2.7. Result
An example of a result:
Some Government Authority
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The result represents an entity responsible for
validating ENUM domains against E.164 [13] registrations.
The child element of contains an
entity reference pointing to the entity "id" in the entity class
"iris".
The child element contains the name of the
validation authority.
The child element contains an identifier of this validation
authority (an example of such an identifier is a national taxation ID
or a commercial registry number).
contacts - see Section 3.2.2.
- an element containing an entity reference specifying
a referent that is indirectly associated with this validation
authority.
3.2.8. Result
An example of a result:
Big Phone Co.
The result represents an entity
providing ENUM domain service.
The child element of
contains an entity reference pointing to the entity "id" in the
entity class "iris".
The child element contains the name of the
registration authority.
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The child element contains an identifier of this
communication service provider (an example of such an identifier is a
national taxation ID or a commercial registry number).
The child element contains an identifier unique to this
communication service provider and identifies this communication
service provider with regard to its operating jurisdiction.
The child elements, , , , , and ,
detail the capabilities of this communication service provider. The
capabilities this communication service provider provides to a
specific ENUM domain are a subset of these capabilities and are
expressed in the result using the , ,
, , and entity references.
contacts - see Section 3.2.2.
- an element containing an entity reference specifying
a referent that is indirectly associated with this communication
service provider.
3.2.9. Result
An example of a result:
xyz-0123
The result represents a record of validation for an
ENUM domain.
The child element contains an identifier identifying this
validation event between a validation entity and a registrar.
The child element contains an identifier describing the
method used for validation.
- contains an entity reference specifying the ENUM domain
registrar operator for this validation event that MUST be a
(Section 3.2.6).
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- contains an entity reference specifying the
validation entity for this validation event that MUST be a
(Section 3.2.7).
- an element containing the date and time of the
creation of this validation event.
- an element containing the date and time of the
expiration of this validation event.
- an element containing an entity reference specifying
a referent that is indirectly associated with this validation event.
3.3. Generic Code Derivatives
3.3.1.
Servers MAY use the error code when a query must be
narrowed to yield a result set acceptable to the policies of the
server operator.
3.3.2.
The queries and support optional
language tags that allow a client to suggest to a server the
languages in which to scope the queries. If a client passes to the
server a language that the server does not support, the server MAY
use this error code to indicate that one of the languages is not
supported.
This element contains child elements named .
Each of these child elements specifies a language not supported by
the server. When a server returns this error, it MUST give the
languages from the query that are not supported.
3.4. Support for
The following types of entity classes are recognized by the
query of IRIS for this registry:
o host-name - the fully qualified domain name of a nameserver. It
yields a (Section 3.2.4) in the response.
o host-handle - the registry-unique identifier given a nameserver.
It yields a (Section 3.2.4) in the response.
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o e164 - an E.164 number as specified by [13]. It yields an
(Section 3.2.3) in the response. Clients SHOULD remove all non-
digit characters between the digits of an E.164 number, and
servers MUST ignore any non-digit characters between the digits of
an E.164 number (e.g., "+1 703 555 1234" is to be interpreted as
"+17035551234").
o enum - the fully qualified name of an ENUM domain. This is a
domain name as specified by RFC 3761 [17]. It yields an
(Section 3.2.3) in the response.
o enum-handle - the registry-unique identifier given an ENUM domain.
It yields an (Section 3.2.3) in the response.
o contact-handle - the registry-unique identifier given a contact.
It yields a (Section 3.2.5) in the response.
o ipv4-address - the IPv4 address of a nameserver. It yields a
(Section 3.2.4) in the response.
o ipv6-address - the IPv6 address of a nameserver. It yields a
(Section 3.2.4) in the response.
o registration-authority - the name of a registration authority. It
yields a (Section 3.2.6) in the response.
o validation-entity - the name of a validation entity. It yields a
(Section 3.2.7)
o csp - the identifier of a communication service provider. Yields
a (Section 3.2.8).
o validation-event - the identifier for a validation event. It
yields a (Section 3.2.9).
o All names in these entity classes are case insensitive.
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4. Formal XML Syntax
This registry schema is specified in the XML Schema notation. The
formal syntax presented here is a complete schema representation
suitable for automated validation of an XML instance when combined
with the formal schema syntax of IRIS.
ENUM registry schema
derived from IRIS schema
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Figure 1: ereg.xsd
5. Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP) Transport Compliance
IRIS allows several extensions of the core capabilities. This
section outlines those extensions allowable by IRIS-BEEP [6].
5.1. Message Pattern
This registry type uses the default message pattern as described in
IRIS-BEEP [6].
5.2. Server Authentication
This registry type only uses the basic Transport Layer Security (TLS)
server authentication method as described in IRIS-BEEP [6].
6. URI Resolution
6.1. Application Service Label
The application service label associated with this registry type MUST
be "EREG1". This is the abbreviated form of the URN for this
registry type, urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:ereg1.
7. Internationalization Considerations
Implementers should be aware of considerations for
internationalization in IRIS [5].
The social data associated with contacts may be non-ASCII, and could
contain virtually any Unicode character. The element is
provided in queries that have potential to traverse such data.
Clients should use these elements to indicate to the server of the
target languages desired, and servers should use these elements to
better enable normalization and search processes (see
elements provided in
many of the results. Results containing data that may be in Unicode
are accompanied by these elements in order to aid better presentation
of the data to the user.
The "dateTimePrivacyType" element content conforms to the XML Schema
[3] data type "dateTime". The contents of this element MUST be
specified using the 'Z' indicator for Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC).
8. IANA Considerations
8.1. XML Namespace URN Registration
This document makes use of a proposed XML namespace and schema
registry specified in XML_URN [16]. Accordingly, the following
registration information is provided for the IANA:
o URN/URI:
* urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:ereg1
o Contact:
* Andrew Newton
o XML:
* The XML Schema specified in Section 4
o URN/URI:
* urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:ereg1
o Contact:
* Andrew Newton
o XML:
* None.
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8.2. S-NAPTR Registration
The following S-NAPTR application service tag [20] has been
registered with IANA according to the IANA considerations defined in
IRIS [5]:
EREG1
8.3. BEEP Registration
The following BEEP Profile URI has been registered with IANA
(http://www.iana.org/assignments/beep-parameters), in addition to the
registration provided in IRIS-BEEP [6].
http://iana.org/beep/iris1/ereg1
9. Security Considerations
This document lays out no new considerations for security precautions
beyond that specified in IRIS [5].
10. Normative References
[1] World Wide Web Consortium, "Extensible Markup Language (XML)
1.0", W3C XML, February 1998,
.
[2] World Wide Web Consortium, "Namespaces in XML", W3C XML
Namespaces, January 1999,
.
[3] World Wide Web Consortium, "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes", W3C
XML Schema, October 2004,
RFC, FYI, BCP