Network Working Group T. Narten
Request for Comments: 5434 IBM
Category: Informational February 2009
Considerations for Having a Successful Birds-of-a-Feather (BOF) Session
Status of This Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
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Abstract
This document discusses tactics and strategy for hosting a successful
IETF Birds-of-a-Feather (BOF) session, especially one oriented at the
formation of an IETF Working Group. It is based on the experiences
of having participated in numerous BOFs, both successful and
unsuccessful.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. Recommended Steps ...............................................2
3. The Importance of Understanding the Real Problem ................7
4. The BOF Itself ..................................................8
5. Post-BOF Follow-Up ..............................................9
6. Pitfalls .......................................................10
7. Miscellaneous ..................................................12
7.1. Chairing ..................................................12
7.2. On the Need for a BOF .....................................13
8. Security Considerations ........................................13
9. Acknowledgments ................................................13
10. Informative Reference .........................................13
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1. Introduction
This document provides suggestions on how to host a successful BOF at
an IETF meeting. It is hoped that by documenting the methodologies
that have proven successful, as well as listing some pitfalls, BOF
organizers will improve their chances of hosting a BOF with a
positive outcome.
There are many reasons for hosting a BOF. Some BOFs are not intended
to result in the formation of a Working Group (WG). For example, a
BOF might be a one-shot presentation on a particular issue, in order
to provide information to the IETF Community. Another example might
be to host an open meeting to discuss specific open issues with a
document that is not associated with an active WG, but for which
face-to-face interaction is needed to resolve issues. In many cases,
however, the intent is to form a WG. In those cases, the goal of the
BOF is to demonstrate that the community has agreement that:
- there is a problem that needs solving, and the IETF is the right
group to attempt solving it.
- there is a critical mass of participants willing to work on the
problem (e.g., write drafts, review drafts, etc.).
- the scope of the problem is well defined and understood, that
is, people generally understand what the WG will work on (and
what it won't) and what its actual deliverables will be.
- there is agreement that the specific deliverables (i.e.,
proposed documents) are the right set.
- it is believed that the WG has a reasonable probability of
having success (i.e., in completing the deliverables in its
charter in a timely fashion).
Additional details on WGs and BOFs can be found in [RFC2418].
2. Recommended Steps
The following steps present a sort of "ideal" sequence for hosting a
BOF where the goal is the formation of a working group. The
important observation to make here is that most of these steps
involve planning for and engaging in significant public discussion,
and allowing for sufficient time for iteration and broad
participation, so that much of the work of the BOF can be done on a
public mailing list in advance of -- rather than during -- the BOF
itself.
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It is also important to recognize the timing constraints. As
described in detail below, the deadline for scheduling BOFs is
approximately six weeks prior to an IETF meeting. Working backwards
from that date, taking into consideration the time required to write
drafts, have public discussion, allow the ADs to evaluate the
proposed BOF, etc., the right time to start preparing for a BOF is
almost certainly the meeting prior to the one in which the BOF is
desired. By implication, starting the work aimed at leading to a BOF
only 2 months prior to an IETF meeting is, in most cases, waiting too
long, and will likely result in the BOF being delayed until the
following IETF meeting.
The recommended steps for a BOF are as follows:
1) A small group of individuals gets together privately, discusses a
possible problem statement, and identifies the work to be done.
The group acts as a sort of "design team" to formulate a problem
statement, identify possible work items, and propose an agenda for
a BOF.
Possible sub-steps:
a) Consider whether the work might already fall within the scope
of an existing Working Group, in which case a BOF might not
even be necessary. Individual Working Group charters can be
found at http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/wg-dir.html and
indicate what a group is scoped to work on.
b) Select the area or areas in which the work most naturally fits
by identifying WGs that most closely relate to the proposed
work. Note that it is not uncommon to find that a work item
could easily fit into two (or more) different areas and that no
one area is the obvious home.
c) Consult with specific WGs to see whether there is interest or
whether the work is in scope. This can be done by posting
messages directly to WG mailing lists, contacting the WG
chairs, or contacting individuals known to participate in a
particular WG (e.g., from their postings or from documents they
have authored).
d) Consult with an area-specific mailing list about possible
interest. (Most areas have their own area-specific mailing
lists. Follow the links under each area at
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/wg-dir.html to find details.)
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e) Produce one or more Internet Drafts, describing the problem
and/or related work. It cannot be emphasized enough that, for
the BOF, drafts relating to understanding the problem space are
much more valuable than drafts proposing specific solutions.
Timeline: This step can easily take 1-2 months; hence, begin 3-4
months before an IETF meeting.
2) The group may (or may not) approach an Area Director (or other
recognized or experienced leader) to informally float the BOF and
get feedback on the proposed work, scope of the charter, specific
steps that need to be taken before submitting a formal BOF
request, etc. By "leader", we mean persons with significant IETF
experience who can provide helpful advice; individuals who have
successfully hosted BOFs before, current or former WG chairs, and
IESG or IAB members would be good candidates.
The dividing line between steps 1) and 2) is not exact. At some
point, one will need to approach one or more Area Directors (ADs)
with a specific proposal that can be commented on. Step 1) helps
shape an idea into something concrete enough that an AD can
understand the purpose and provide concrete feedback. On the
other hand, one shouldn't spend too much time on step 1) if the
answer at step 2) would turn out to be "oh, we had a BOF on that
once before; have you reviewed the archives?". Thus, there may be
some iteration involving going back and forth between steps 1) and
2). Also, a quick conversation with an AD might lead them to
suggest some specific individuals or WGs you should consult with.
It may turn out that it is unclear in which area the proposed work
best fits. In such cases, when approaching multiple ADs, it is
best to approach the ADs approximately simultaneously, state that
you are unsure in which area the work fits, and ask for advice
(e.g., by stating "I'm not sure which area this work best fits
under, but it looks like it might be Internet or Security or
both"). When contacting multiple ADs, it is strongly advised that
you inform them of which other ADs you are conversing with. In
particular, it is usually counterproductive and not advisable to
go "AD shopping", where if one AD gives you an answer you don't
like, you go to another, without telling him/her what the first AD
said, in the hopes of getting a more favorable answer.
To summarize, steps 1) and 2) involve a lot of "socializing an
idea", that is, having discussions with a number of different
people to attempt gaining agreement on the problem and the need
for and appropriateness of having a BOF. How much such discussion
is needed is very subjective, but it is critical in terms of
getting agreement that a BOF is appropriate. One way to tell if
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you are close to getting it right: when talking to someone about
your idea for the first time, they quickly agree that a BOF seems
in order and don't have any major concerns.
Timeline: Steps 1-2) can easily take 1-2 months; hence, begin 3-4
months before an IETF meeting.
3) Create a public mailing list and post a "call for participation"
for the proposed BOF topic on various mailing lists (e.g., the
IETF list). The call for participation advertises that a
"community of interest" is being formed to gauge whether there is
sufficient interest to host a BOF. The goal is to draw in other
interested potential participants, to allow them to help shape the
BOF (e.g., by giving them time to write a draft, ask for agenda
time, help scope the work of the proposed work, argue that a BOF
is (or is not) needed, etc.).
Timeline: This step can easily take 1 month or longer; it also
needs to be started well before the Internet-Drafts cutoff (to
allow participants to submit drafts); hence, begin 2.5-3.5 months
before the IETF meeting.
4) Have substantive mailing list discussion. It is not enough for a
handful of people to assert that they want a BOF; there needs to
be broader community interest. A public mailing list allows ADs
(and others) to gauge how much interest there really is on a topic
area, as well as gauge how well the problem statement has been
scoped, etc. At this phase of the BOF preparation, the emphasis
should be on getting agreement on the problem statement;
discussions about specific solutions tend to be distracting and
unhelpful.
Timeline: this step can easily take 1 month or longer; hence,
begin 2.5 months before the IETF meeting.
5) Submit a formal request to have a BOF. Instructions for
submitting a formal request can be found at
http://www.ietf.org/instructions/MTG-SLOTS.html and
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1bof-procedures.txt. Note that as part
of making a formal request, the organizers must identify the area
in which the BOF will be held (the Area Directors of that area
will be required to approve the BOF), include a proposed BOF
agenda, estimate the attendance, list conflicts with other
sessions that should be avoided, etc.
If the previous steps have been followed, the Area Directors (ADs)
should be in a good position to gauge whether there is sufficient
interest to justify approval of a BOF.
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Note: it almost goes without saying that without one or more
Internet Drafts at this point, it is generally pointless to ask an
AD to approve a BOF.
Timeline: The Secretariat publishes an "important meeting dates"
calendar along with meeting information. There is a firm deadline
(about six weeks prior to the meeting) for submitting a formal BOF
scheduling request. Note that at the time of the deadline, an AD
will need to have sufficient information about the BOF to approve
or reject the request, so all of the previous steps will need to
have completed.
6) During the 2-4 weeks before an IETF (assuming a BOF has been
approved and scheduled), the focus (on the mailing list) should be
on identifying areas of agreement and areas of disagreement.
Since disagreement, or "lack of consensus", tends to be the main
reason for not forming a WG, focusing on those specific areas
where "lack of consensus" exists is critically important. In
general, only after those disagreements have been resolved will a
WG be formed; thus, the main goal should be to find consensus and
work through the areas of disagreement. Alternatively, a specific
case should be made about why the charter, as it is written, is
the best one, in spite of the stated opposition.
7) Prior to the BOF, it is critical to produce a proposed charter and
iterate on it on the mailing list to attempt to get a consensus
charter. Ultimately, the most important question to ask during a
BOF is: "should a WG with the following charter be formed?". It
goes without saying that a charter with shortcomings (no matter
how seemingly trivial to fix) will not achieve consensus if folk
still have issues with the specific wording.
8) Decide what questions will be asked during the BOF itself. Since
the exact wording of the questions is critical (and hard to do on
the fly), it is strongly recommended that those questions be
floated on the mailing list and to the ADs prior to the BOF. This
will enable people to understand what they will be asked to
approve and will allow the questions to be modified (prior to the
BOF) to remove ambiguities, etc. Likewise, discussing these
questions in advance may lead to refinement of the charter so that
the questions can be answered affirmatively.
9) At the meeting, but before the BOF takes place, plan a meeting
with all of the presenters to have them meet each other, review
the agenda, and make sure everyone understands what is expected of
them (e.g., what time constraints they will be under when
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presenting). Use this time to also work through any disagreements
that still remain. Do the same "in the hallway" with other
interested parties!
10) Consult the tutorial schedule and consider attending relevant
tutorial sessions ("Working Group Chair Training", "Working Group
Leadership Training", etc.). This is especially the case if you
are considering being the chair of a proposed WG. Since the role
of the WG chair and BOF chair have a number of parallels, a
number of the topics covered in the tutorial apply to hosting a
BOF and developing a charter.
3. The Importance of Understanding the Real Problem
Throughout the process of chartering new work in the IETF, a key
issue is understanding (and finding consensus) on what the real,
underlying problem is that the customer, operator, or deployer of a
technology has and that the WG needs to address. When a WG finishes
an effort, the WG's output will only be useful if it actually solves
a real, compelling problem faced by the actual user of the technology
(i.e., the customer or operator). Unfortunately, there have been
more than a few IETF WGs whose output was not adopted, and in some of
those cases the cause was a lack of understanding of the real problem
the operator had. In the end, the WG's output simply didn't address
the right problem.
Another issue that can happen is discussions about specific (or
competing) solution approaches effectively stalemating the WG (or
BOF), making it unable to make progress. In some of those cases, the
arguments about the appropriateness of specific technologies are
actually proxies for the question of whether a proposed approach
adequately addresses the problem. If there is a lack of clarity
about the actual underlying problem to be solved, there may well be
unresolvable arguments about the suitability of a particular
technical approach, depending on one's view of the actual problem and
the constraints associated with it. Hence, it is critical for all
work to be guided by a clear and shared understanding of the
underlying problem.
The best description and understanding of an actual problem usually
comes from the customer, operator, or deployer of a technology. They
are the ones that most clearly understand the difficulties they have
(that need addressing) and they are the ones who will have to deploy
any proposed solution. Thus, it is critical to hear their voice when
formulating the details of the problem statement. Moreover, when
evaluating the relative merits of differing solution approaches, it
is often helpful to go back to the underlying problem statement for
guidance in selecting the more appropriate approach.
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4. The BOF Itself
For the BOF itself, it is critically important to focus on the bottom
line:
What is it that one is attempting to achieve during the BOF?
Or, stated differently, after the BOF is over, by what criteria will
you decide whether or not the BOF was successful?
A good BOF organizer keeps a firm focus on the purpose of the BOF and
crafts an agenda in support of that goal. Just as important,
presentations that do not directly support the goal should be
excluded, as they often become distractions, sow confusion, and
otherwise take focus away from the purpose of the BOF. If the goal
is to form a WG, everything should lead to an (obvious) answer to the
following question:
Does the room agree that the IETF should form a WG with the
following (specific) charter?
One of the best ways to ensure a "yes" answer to the above, is by
performing adequate preparation before the BOF to ensure that the
community as a whole already agrees that the answer is "yes". How
does one do that? One good way seems to be:
1) Have a public discussion with sufficient time to allow iteration
and discussion. (Hence, start a minimum of 3 months prior to the
IETF meeting.)
2) Work with the community to iterate on the charter and be sure to
address the significant concerns that are being raised. (One can
address the concerns in advance -- and get advance agreement -- or
one can have those concerns be raised (again) during the BOF -- in
which case it is likely that the proposed charter will not be good
enough to get agreement during the actual BOF).
3) During the BOF, keep the agenda tightly focused on supporting the
need for the WG and otherwise making the case that the group has
identified a clearly-scoped charter and has agreement on what the
set of deliverables should be.
Another important reason for holding a BOF is to establish an
understanding of how the attendees (and the larger community) feel
about the proposed work. Do they understand and agree on the problem
that needs solving? Do they agree the problem is solvable, or that
new protocol work is needed? To better understand the degree of
agreement, it is useful to ask the audience questions.
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Whenever asking questions, it is important to ask the right ones --
questions that show where there is agreement and questions that probe
the details around where agreement is lacking. Good questions
typically focus on aspects of the problem in a piecewise fashion,
establishing areas of consensus and identifying areas where
additional work is needed. Poor questions do not serve to focus
future discussion where it is needed. The following are examples of
questions that are often useful to ask.
1) Is there support to form a WG with the following charter? (That
is, the charter itself is ready, as shown by community support.)
2) Does the community think that the problem statement is clear,
well-scoped, solvable, and useful to solve?
3) Can I see a show of hands of folk willing to review documents (or
comment on the mailing list)?
4) Who would be willing to serve as an editor for the following
document(s)? (BOF chairs should take note of individuals who
raise their hands, but it is also a useful gauge to see if there
is a critical mass of editors to work on all the documents that
are to be produced.)
5) Does the community think that given the charter revisions
discussed during the BOF (subject to review and finalization on
the mailing list), a WG should be formed?
6) How many people feel that a WG should not be formed? (If the
number of no responses is significant, it would help to ask those
saying no why they are opposed.)
7) Before asking a particular question, it is sometimes very
appropriate to ask: Do people feel like they have sufficient
information to answer the following question or is it premature to
even ask the question?
Unfortunately, it is also easy to ask the wrong questions. Some
examples are given in a later section.
5. Post-BOF Follow-Up
After the BOF has taken place, it is advisable to take assessment of
how well things went and what the next steps are. The ADs should be
included in this assessment. Some things to consider:
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1) Did the BOF go well enough that the logical next step is to focus
on refining the charter and becoming a WG before the next IETF
meeting? If so, there will almost certainly be additional
discussion on the mailing list to refine the charter and work out
a few remaining items.
Note that it can be difficult to determine in some cases whether a
WG is a feasible next step. Much will depend on details of how
the BOF went and/or whether the contentious items can either be
resolved on the mailing list or simply be excluded from the
charter and dealt with later (if at all). Much will also depend
on the relevant AD's assessment of whether the proposed work is
ready to move forward. Sometimes even a seemingly contentious BOF
can result in a WG being formed quickly -- provided the charter is
scoped appropriately.
If the next step is to attempt to form a WG, the charter needs to
be finalized on the BOF-specific mailing list. Once done, the
IESG can be asked to formally consider the charter. The IESG then
(usually) posts the proposed charter to the IETF list for
community feedback and makes a decision based in part on the
feedback it receives.
2) It may be the case that enough additional work still needs to take
place that aiming for a second (and final) BOF makes more sense.
In that case, many of the steps outlined earlier in this document
would be repeated, though at a faster pace.
The expectations for a second BOF are generally higher than those
for an initial BOF. In addition to the work done up through the
first BOF, the first BOF will have highlighted the key areas where
additional work is needed. The time leading up to the second BOF
will need to be spent working through those outstanding issues.
Second BOFs should not be a repeat of the first BOF, with the same
issues being raised and the same (unsatisfactory) responses
provided. The second BOF needs to show that all previously
identified issues have been resolved and that formation of a WG is
now in order.
6. Pitfalls
Over the years, a number of pitfalls have been (repeatedly) observed:
1) Waiting too long before getting started. It is very difficult to
prepare for a BOF on short notice. Moreover, ADs are placed in a
no-win situation when asked to approve a BOF for which the
community has not had a chance to participate. Steps 1-4 in
Section 2 above are designed to show the ADs that there is
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community support for a particular effort. Short-circuiting those
steps forces an AD to make a judgment call with (usually) too
little information. Moreover, because the community has not been
involved, it is much more likely that significant (and valid)
objections will be raised. Often, those objections could have
been dealt with in advance -- had there been sufficient time to
work through them in advance.
2) Too much discussion/focus on solutions, rather than showing that
support exists for the problem statement itself, and that the
problem is well-understood and scoped. The purpose of the BOF is
almost never to show that there are already proposed solutions,
but to demonstrate that there is a real problem that needs
solving, a solution would be beneficial to the community, it is
believed that a solution is achievable, and there is a critical
mass of community support to actually put in the real work of
developing a solution.
3) Asking the wrong question during the BOF. Often, BOF organizers
feel like they need a "show of hands" on specific questions. But,
unless a question is clear, well scoped, focused enough to
establish where there is agreement (and where not), etc., asking
such a question serves little purpose. Even worse, asking poor
questions can frustrate the BOF participants and lead to
additional questions at the microphone, derailing the focus of the
BOF.
Examples of unreasonable questions to ask:
- Asking folk to approve or review a charter that is put on screen
but has not been posted to the mailing list sufficiently in
advance. (You cannot ask folk to approve something they have
not seen.)
- Asking multi-part questions in which it is not clear (in
advance) what all of the exact questions will be and which
choices a participant needs to choose from.
4) Poorly advertised in advance, thus, the BOF itself does not
include the "right" participants. This can happen for a number of
reasons, including:
- giving the BOF a "cute" but unintuitive name (or acronym),
preventing people from realizing that it would be of interest to
them.
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- failing to advertise the BOF in advance to the community of
people that might be interested. At a minimum, the existence of
a proposed BOF should be advertised on the IETF list as well as
on specific WG lists that are somewhat related.
5) Providing agenda time for the "wrong" presentations. There is an
(unfortunate) tendency to give anyone who requests agenda time an
opportunity to speak. This is often a mistake. Presentations
should be limited to those that address the purpose of the BOF.
More important, presentations should not distract from the BOF's
purpose, or open up ratholes that are a distraction to the more
basic purpose of the BOF. An example of problematic
presentations:
- presentations on specific solutions, when the purpose of the BOF
is to get agreement on the problem statement and the need for a
WG. Solutions at this point are too-often "half-baked" and
allow discussion to rathole on aspects of the solutions.
Instead, the focus should be on getting agreement on whether to
form a WG.
6) Poor time management, leading to insufficient time for discussion
of the key issues (this is often closely related to 5). When
presentations run over their allotted time, the end result is
either squeezing someone else's presentation or having
insufficient discussion time. Neither is acceptable nor helpful.
BOF chairs need to give presenters just enough time to make key
points -- and no more. It may well be helpful to go over a
presenter's slides in advance, to ensure they are on-topic and
will fit within the time slot.
7. Miscellaneous
7.1. Chairing
BOF organizers often assume that they will be chairing a BOF (and the
eventual WG). Neither assumption is always true. ADs need to ensure
that a BOF runs smoothly and is productive. For some topics, it is a
given that the BOF will be contentious. In such cases, ADs may want
to have a more experienced person chairing or co-chairing the BOF.
Also, those interested in organizing the BOF often are the most
interested in driving a particular technology (and may have strongly
held views about what direction an effort should take). Working
Groups are often more effective when passionately involved parties
are allowed to focus on the technical work, rather than on managing
the WG itself. Thus, do not be surprised (or offended!) if the AD
wants to pick one or more co-chairs for either the BOF or a follow-on
WG.
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7.2. On the Need for a BOF
This document highlights the need for allowing for and actively
engaging in a broad public discussion on the merits of forming a WG.
It might surprise some, but there is no actual process requirement to
have a BOF prior to forming a WG. The actual process requirement is
simply that the IESG (together with the AD(s) sponsoring the work)
approve a formal charter as described in [RFC2418]. In practice,
BOFs are used to engage the broader community on proposed work and to
help produce an acceptable charter.
There are two observations that can be made here. First, BOFs are
often held not because they are (strictly speaking) required, but
because it is assumed they are needed or because ADs feel that a BOF
would be beneficial in terms of getting additional public
participation. Hence, those interested in forming a WG should give
serious consideration to using the steps outlined above not just for
the purposes of creating a BOF, but to convince the IESG and the
broader community that a BOF is not even needed, as there is already
demonstrated, strong consensus that a WG should be formed. Second,
the IESG should not forget that BOFs are simply a tool, and may not
even be the best tool in every situation.
8. Security Considerations
This document has no known security implications.
9. Acknowledgments
This document has benefited from specific feedback from Jari Arkko,
Brian Carpenter, Dave Crocker, Spencer Dawkins, Lisa Dusseault, Pasi
Eronen, John Klensin, Tim Polk, Mark Townsley, and Bert Wijnen.
10. Informative Reference
[RFC2418] Bradner, S., "IETF Working Group Guidelines and
Procedures", BCP 25, RFC 2418, September 1998.
Author's Address
Thomas Narten
IBM Corporation
3039 Cornwallis Ave.
PO Box 12195 - BRQA/502
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2195
Phone: 919-254-7798
EMail: narten@us.ibm.com
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