Network Working Group D. Li
Request for Comments: 5495 J. Gao
Category: Informational Huawei
A. Satyanarayana
Cisco
S. Bardalai
Fujitsu
March 2009
Description of the
Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic-Engineered (RSVP-TE)
Graceful Restart Procedures
Status of This Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
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Abstract
The Hello message for the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) has
been defined to establish and maintain basic signaling node
adjacencies for Label Switching Routers (LSRs) participating in a
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) traffic-engineered (TE) network.
The Hello message has been extended for use in Generalized MPLS
(GMPLS) networks for state recovery of control channel or nodal
faults.
The GMPLS protocol definitions for RSVP also allow a restarting node
to learn which label it previously allocated for use on a Label
Switched Path (LSP).
Further RSVP protocol extensions have been defined to enable a
restarting node to recover full control plane state by exchanging
RSVP messages with its upstream and downstream neighbors.
This document provides an informational clarification of the control
plane procedures for a GMPLS network when there are multiple node
failures, and describes how full control plane state can be recovered
in different scenarios where the order in which the nodes restart is
different.
This document does not define any new processes or procedures. All
protocol mechanisms are already defined in the referenced documents.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................3
2. Existing Procedures for Single Node Restart .....................4
2.1. Procedures Defined in RFC 3473 .............................4
2.2. Procedures Defined in RFC 5063 .............................5
3. Multiple Node Restart Scenarios .................................6
4. RSVP State ......................................................7
5. Procedures for Multiple Node Restart ............................7
5.1. Procedures for the Normal Node .............................8
5.2. Procedures for the Restarting Node .........................8
5.2.1. Procedures for Scenario 1 ...........................8
5.2.2. Procedures for Scenario 2 ...........................9
5.2.3. Procedures for Scenario 3 ..........................11
5.2.4. Procedures for Scenario 4 ..........................12
5.2.5. Procedures for Scenario 5 ..........................12
5.3. Consideration of the Reuse of Data Plane Resources ........12
5.4. Consideration of Management Plane Intervention ............13
6. Clarification of Restarting Node Procedure .....................13
7. Security Considerations ........................................15
8. Acknowledgments ................................................16
9. References .....................................................17
9.1. Normative References ......................................17
9.2. Informative References ....................................17
1. Introduction
The Hello message for the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) has
been defined to establish and maintain basic signaling node
adjacencies for Label Switching Routers (LSRs) participating in a
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) traffic-engineered (TE) network
[RFC3209]. The Hello message has been extended for use in
Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) networks for state recovery of control
channel or nodal faults through the exchange of the Restart_Cap
Object [RFC3473].
The GMPLS protocol definitions for RSVP [RFC3473] also allow a
restarting node to learn which label it previously allocated for use
on a Label Switched Path (LSP) through the Recovery_Label Object
carried on a Path message sent to a restarting node from its upstream
neighbor.
Further RSVP protocol extensions have been defined [RFC5063] to
perform graceful restart and to enable a restarting node to recover
full control plane state by exchanging RSVP messages with its
upstream and downstream neighbors. State previously transmitted to
the upstream neighbor (principally, the downstream label) is
recovered from the upstream neighbor on a Path message (using the
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Recovery_Label Object as described in [RFC3473]). State previously
transmitted to the downstream neighbor (including the upstream label,
interface identifiers, and the explicit route) is recovered from the
downstream neighbor using a RecoveryPath message.
[RFC5063] also extends the Hello message to exchange information
about the ability to support the RecoveryPath message.
The examples and procedures in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063] focus on the
description of a single node restart when adjacent network nodes are
operative. Although the procedures are equally applicable to multi-
node restarts, no detailed explanation is provided for such a case.
This document provides an informational clarification of the control
plane procedures for a GMPLS network when there are multiple node
failures, and describes how full control plane state can be recovered
in different scenarios where the order in which the nodes restart is
different.
This document does not define any new processes or procedures. All
protocol mechanisms already defined in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063] are
definitive.
2. Existing Procedures for Single Node Restart
This section documents for information the existing procedures
defined in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063]. Those documents are definitive,
and the description here is non-normative. It is provided for
informational clarification only.
2.1. Procedures Defined in RFC 3473
In the case of nodal faults, the procedures for the restarting node
and the procedures for the neighbor of a restarting node are applied
to the corresponding nodes. These procedures, described in
[RFC3473], are summarized as follows:
For the Restarting Node:
1) Tells its neighbors that state recovery is supported using the
Hello message.
2) Recovers its RSVP state with the help of a Path message, received
from its upstream neighbor, that carries the Recovery_Label
Object.
3) For bidirectional LSPs, uses the Upstream_Label Object on the
received Path message to recover the corresponding RSVP state.
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4) If the corresponding forwarding state in the data plane does not
exist, the node treats this as a setup for a new LSP. If the
forwarding state in the data plane does exist, the forwarding
state is bound to the LSP associated with the message, and the
related forwarding state should be considered as valid and
refreshed. In addition, if the node is not the tail-end of the
LSP, the incoming label on the downstream interface is retrieved
from the forwarding state on the restarting node and set in the
Upstream_Label Object in the Path message sent to the downstream
neighbor.
For the Neighbor of a Restarting Node:
1) Sends a Path message with the Recovery_Label Object containing a
label value corresponding to the label value received in the most
recently received corresponding Resv message.
2) Resumes refreshing Path state with the restarting node.
3) Resumes refreshing Resv state with the restarting node.
2.2. Procedures Defined in RFC 5063
A new message is introduced in [RFC5063] called the RecoveryPath
message. This message is sent by the downstream neighbor of a
restarting node to convey the contents of the last received Path
message back to the restarting node.
The restarting node will receive the Path message with the
Recovery_Label Object from its upstream neighbor and/or the
RecoveryPath message from its downstream neighbor. The full RSVP
state of the restarting node can be recovered from these two
messages.
The following state can be recovered from the received Path message:
o Upstream data interface (from RSVP_Hop Object)
o Label on the upstream data interface (from Recovery_Label Object)
o Upstream label for bidirectional LSP (from Upstream_Label Object)
The following state can be recovered from the received RecoveryPath
message:
o Downstream data interface (from RSVP_Hop Object)
o Label on the downstream data interface (from Recovery_Label Object)
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o Upstream direction label for bidirectional LSP (from Upstream_Label
Object)
The other objects originally exchanged on Path and Resv messages can
be recovered from the regular Path and Resv refresh messages, or from
the RecoveryPath.
3. Multiple Node Restart Scenarios
We define the following terms for the different node types:
Restarting - The node has restarted. Communication with its neighbor
nodes is restored, and its RSVP state is under recovery.
Delayed Restarting - The node has restarted, but the communication
with a neighbor node is interrupted (for example, the neighbor
node needs to restart).
Normal - The normal node is the fully operational neighbor of a
restarting or delayed restarting node.
There are five scenarios for multi-node restart. We will focus on
the different positions of a restarting node. As shown in Figure 1,
an LSP starts from Node A, traverses Nodes B and C, and ends at Node
D.
+-----+ Path +-----+ Path +-----+ Path +-----+
| PSB |------->| PSB |------->| PSB |------->| PSB |
| | | | | | | |
| RSB |<-------| RSB |<-------| RSB |<-------| RSB |
+-----+ Resv +-----+ Resv +-----+ Resv +-----+
Node A Node B Node C Node D
Figure 1: Two Neighbor Nodes Restart
1) A restarting node with downstream delayed restarting node. For
example, in Figure 1, Nodes A and D are normal nodes, Node B is a
restarting node, and Node C is a delayed restarting node.
2) A restarting node with upstream delayed restarting node. For
example, in Figure 1, Nodes A and D are normal nodes, Node B is a
delayed restarting node, and Node C is a restarting node.
3) A restarting node with downstream and upstream delayed restarting
nodes. For example, in Figure 1, Node A is a normal node, Nodes B
and D are delayed restarting nodes, and Node C is a restarting
node.
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4) A restarting ingress node with downstream delayed restarting node.
For example, in Figure 1, Node A is a restarting node and Node B
is a delayed restarting node. Nodes C and D are normal nodes.
5) A restarting egress node with upstream delayed restarting node.
For example, in Figure 1, Nodes A and B are normal nodes, Node C
is a delayed restarting node, and Node D is a restarting node.
If the communication between two nodes is interrupted, the upstream
node may think the downstream node is a delayed restarting node, or
vice versa.
Note that if multiple nodes that are not neighbors are restarted, the
restart procedures could be applied as multiple separated restart
procedures that are exactly the same as the procedures described in
[RFC3473] and [RFC5063]. Therefore, these scenarios are not
described in this document. For example, in Figure 1, Node A and
Node C are normal nodes, and Node B and Node D are restarting nodes;
therefore, Node B could be restarted through Node A and Node C, while
Node D could be restarted through Node C separately.
4. RSVP State
For each scenario, the RSVP state that needs to be recovered at the
restarting nodes are the Path State Block (PSB) and Resv State Block
(RSB), which are created when the node receives the corresponding
Path message and Resv message.
According to [RFC2209], how to construct the PSB and RSB is really an
implementation issue. In fact, there is no requirement to maintain
separate PSB and RSB data structures. In GMPLS, there is a much
closer tie between Path and Resv state so it is possible to combine
the information into a single state block (the LSP state block). On
the other hand, if point-to-multipoint is supported, it may be
convenient to maintain separate upstream and downstream state. Note
that the PSB and RSB are not upstream and downstream state since the
PSB is responsible for receiving a Path from upstream and sending a
Path to downstream.
Regardless of how the RSVP state is implemented, on recovery there
are two logical pieces of state to be recovered and these correspond
to the PSB and RSB.
5. Procedures for Multiple Node Restart
In this document, all the nodes are assumed to have the graceful
restart capabilities that are described in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063].
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5.1. Procedures for the Normal Node
When the downstream normal node detects its neighbor restarting, it
must send a RecoveryPath message for each LSP associated with the
restarting node for which it has previously sent a Resv message and
which has not been torn down.
When the upstream normal node detects its neighbor restarting, it
must send a Path message with a Recovery_Label Object containing a
label value corresponding to the label value received in the most
recently received corresponding Resv message.
This document does not modify the procedures for the normal node,
which are described in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063].
5.2. Procedures for the Restarting Node
This document does not modify the procedures for the restarting node,
which are described in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063].
5.2.1. Procedures for Scenario 1
After the restarting node restarts, it starts a Recovery Timer. Any
RSVP state that has not been resynchronized when the Recovery Timer
expires should be cleared.
At the restarting node (Node B in the example), full
resynchronization with the upstream neighbor (Node A) is possible
because Node A is a normal node. The upstream Path information is
recovered from the Path message received from Node A. Node B also
recovers the upstream Resv information (that it had previously sent
to Node A) from the Recovery_Label Object carried in the Path message
received from Node A, but, obviously, some information (like the
Recorded_Route Object) will be missing from the new Resv message
generated by Node B and cannot be supplied until the downstream
delayed restarting node (Node C) restarts and sends a Resv.
After the upstream Path information and upstream Resv information
have been recovered by Node B, the normal refresh procedure with
upstream Node A should be started.
As per [RFC5063], the restarting node (Node B) would normally expect
to receive a RecoveryPath message from its downstream neighbor (Node
C). It would use this to recover the downstream Path information,
and would subsequently send a Path message to its downstream neighbor
and receive a Resv message. But in this scenario, because the
downstream neighbor has not restarted yet, Node B detects the
communication with
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Node C is interrupted and must wait before resynchronizing with its
downstream neighbor.
In this case, the restarting node (Node B) follows the procedures in
Section 9.3 of [RFC3473] and may run a Restart Timer to wait for the
downstream neighbor (Node C) to restart. If its downstream neighbor
(Node C) has not restarted before the timer expires, the
corresponding LSPs may be torn down according to local policy
[RFC3473]. Note, however, that the Restart Time value suggested in
[RFC3473] is based on the previous Hello message exchanged with the
node that has not restarted yet (Node C). Since this time value is
unlikely to be available to the restarting node (Node B), a
configured time value must be used if the timer is operated.
The RSVP state must be reconciled with the retained data plane state
if the cross-connect information can be retrieved from the data
plane. In the event of any mismatches, local policy will dictate the
action that must be taken, which could include:
- reprogramming the data plane
- sending an alert to the management plane
- tearing down the control plane state for the LSP
In the case that the delayed restarting node never comes back and a
Restart Timer is not used to automatically tear down LSPs, the LSPs
can be tidied up through the control plane using a PathTear from the
upstream node (Node A). Note that if Node C restarts after this
operation, the RecoveryPath message that it sends to Node B will not
be matched with any state on Node B and will receive a PathTear as
its response, resulting in the teardown of the LSP at all downstream
nodes.
5.2.2. Procedures for Scenario 2
In this case, the restarting node (Node C) can recover full
downstream state from its downstream neighbor (Node D), which is a
normal node. The downstream Path state can be recovered from the
RecoveryPath message, which is sent by Node D. This allows Node C to
send a Path refresh message to Node D, and Node D will respond with a
Resv message from which Node C can reconstruct the downstream Resv
state.
After the downstream Path information and downstream Resv information
have been recovered in Node C, the normal refresh procedure with
downstream Node D should be started.
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The restarting node would normally expect to resynchronize with its
upstream neighbor to re-learn the upstream Path and Resv state, but
in this scenario, because the upstream neighbor (Node B) has not
restarted yet, the restarting node (Node C) detects that the
communication with upstream neighbor (Node B) is interrupted. The
restarting node (Node C) follows the procedures in Section 9.3 of
[RFC3473] and may run a Restart Timer to wait for the upstream
neighbor (Node B) to restart. If its upstream neighbor (Node B) has
not restarted before the Restart Timer expires, the corresponding
LSPs may be torn down according to local policy [RFC3473]. Note,
however, that the Restart Time value suggested in [RFC3473] is based
on the previous Hello message exchanged with the node that has not
restarted yet (Node B). Since this time value is unlikely to be
available to the restarting node (Node C), a configured time value
must be used if the timer is operated.
Note that no Resv message is sent to the upstream neighbor (Node B),
because it has not restarted.
The RSVP state must be reconciled with the retained data plane state
if the cross-connect information can be retrieved from the data
plane.
In the event of any mismatches, local policy will dictate the action
that must be taken, which could include:
- reprogramming the data plane
- sending an alert to the management plane
- tearing down the control plane state for the LSP
In the case that the delayed restarting node never comes back and a
Restart Timer is not used to automatically tear down LSPs, the LSPs
cannot be tidied up through the control plane using a PathTear from
the upstream node (Node A), because there is no control plane
connectivity to Node C from the upstream direction. There are two
possibilities in [RFC3473]:
- Management action may be taken at the restarting node to tear the
LSP. This will result in the LSP being removed from Node C and a
PathTear being sent downstream to Node D.
- Management action may be taken at any downstream node (for example,
Node D), resulting in a PathErr message with the Path_State_Removed
flag set being sent to Node C to tear the LSP state.
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Note that if Node B restarts after this operation, the Path message
that it sends to Node C will not be matched with any state on Node C
and will be treated as a new Path message, resulting in LSP setup.
Node C should use the labels carried in the Path message (in the
Upstream_Label Object and in the Recovery_Label Object) to drive its
label allocation, but may use other labels according to normal LSP
setup rules.
5.2.3. Procedures for Scenario 3
In this example, the restarting node (Node C) is isolated. Its
upstream and downstream neighbors have not restarted.
The restarting node (Node C) follows the procedures in Section 9.3 of
[RFC3473] and may run a Restart Timer for each of its neighbors
(Nodes B and D). If a neighbor has not restarted before its Restart
Timer expires, the corresponding LSPs may be torn down according to
local policy [RFC3473]. Note, however, that the Restart Time values
suggested in [RFC3473] are based on the previous Hello message
exchanged with the nodes that have not restarted yet. Since these
time values are unlikely to be available to the restarting node (Node
C), a configured time value must be used if the timer is operated.
During the Recovery Time, if the upstream delayed restarting node has
restarted, the procedure for scenario 1 can be applied.
During the Recovery Time, if the downstream delayed restarting node
has restarted, the procedure for scenario 2 can be applied.
In the case that neither delayed restarting node ever comes back and
a Restart Timer is not used to automatically tear down LSPs,
management intervention is required to tidy up the control plane and
the data plane on the node that is waiting for the failed device to
restart.
If the downstream delayed restarting node restarts after the cleanup
of LSPs at Node C, the RecoveryPath message from Node D will be
responded to with a PathTear message. If the upstream delayed
restarting node restarts after the cleanup of LSPs at Node C, the
Path message from Node B will be treated as a new LSP setup request,
but the setup will fail because Node D cannot be reached; Node C will
respond with a PathErr message. Since this happens to Node B during
its restart processing, it should follow the rules of [RFC5063] and
tear down the LSP.
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5.2.4. Procedures for Scenario 4
When the ingress node (Node A) restarts, it does not know which LSPs
it caused to be created. Usually, however, this information is
retrieved from the management plane or from the configuration
requests stored in non-volatile form in the node in order to recover
the LSP state.
Furthermore, if the downstream node (Node B) is a normal node,
according to the procedures in [RFC5063], the ingress will receive a
RecoveryPath message and will understand that it was the ingress of
the LSP.
However, in this scenario, the downstream node is a delayed
restarting node, so Node A must either rely on the information from
the management plane or stored configuration, or it must wait for
Node B to restart.
In the event that Node B never restarts, management plane
intervention is needed at Node A to clean up any LSP control plane
state restored from the management plane or from local configuration,
and to release any data plane resources.
5.2.5. Procedures for Scenario 5
In this scenario, the egress node (Node D) restarts, and its upstream
neighbor (Node C) has not restarted. In this case, the egress node
may have no control plane state relating to the LSPs. It has no
downstream neighbor to help it and no management plane or
configuration information, although there will be data plane state
for the LSP. The egress node must simply wait until its upstream
neighbor restarts and gives it the information in Path messages
carrying Recovery_Label Objects.
5.3. Consideration of the Reuse of Data Plane Resources
Fundamental to the processes described above is an understanding that
data plane resources may remain in use (allocated and cross-
connected) when control plane state has not been fully resynchronized
because some control plane nodes have not restarted.
It is assumed that these data plane resources might be carrying
traffic and should not be reconfigured except through application of
operator-configured policy, or as a direct result of operator action.
In particular, new LSP setup requests from the control plane or the
management plane should not be allowed to use data plane resources
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that are still in use. Specific action must first be taken to
release the resources.
5.4. Consideration of Management Plane Intervention
The management plane must always retain the ability to control data
plane resources and to override the control plane. In this context,
the management plane must always be able to release data plane
resources that were previously in place for use by control-plane-
established LSPs. Further, the management plane must always be able
to instruct any control plane node to tear down any LSP.
Operators should be aware of the risks of misconnection that could be
caused by careless manipulation from the management plane of in-use
data plane resources.
6. Clarification of Restarting Node Procedure
According to the current graceful restart procedure [RFC3473], after
a node restarts its control plane, it needs its upstream node to send
a PATH message with a recovery label in order to synchronize its RSVP
state. If the restarted control plane becomes operational quickly,
the upstream node may not detect the restarting of the downstream
node and, therefore, may send a PATH message without a recovery
label, causing errors and unwanted connection deletion.
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N1 N2
| |
| X (Restart start)
| HELLO |
|--------------->|
| |
| SRefresh |
|--------------->|
| |
| HELLO |
|--------------->|
| |
| X (Restart complete)
| SRefresh |
|--------------->|
| NACK |
|<---------------|
| Path without |
| recovery label |
|--------------->|
| X (resource allocation failed because the
| | resources are in use)
| PathErr |
|<---------------|
| PathTear |
|--------------->|
X(LSP deletion) X (LSP deletion)
| |
Figure 2: Message Flow for Accidental LSP Deletion
The sequence diagram above depicts one scenario where the LSP may get
deleted.
In this sequence, N1 does not detect Hello failure and continues
sending SRefreshes, which may get NACK'ed by N2 once restart
completes because there is no Path state corresponding to the
SRefresh message. This NACK causes a Path refresh message to be
generated, but there is no Recovery_Label because N1 does not yet
detect that N2 has restarted, as Hello exchanges have not yet
started. The Path message is treated as "new" and fails to allocate
the resources because they are still in use. This causes a PathErr
message to be generated, which may lead to the teardown of the LSP.
To resolve the aforementioned problem, the following procedures,
which are implicit in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063], should be followed.
These procedures work together with the recovery procedures
documented in [RFC3473]. Here, it is assumed that the restarting
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node and the neighboring node(s) support the Hello extension as
documented in [RFC3209] as well as the recovery procedures documented
in [RFC3473].
After a node restarts its control plane, it should ignore and
silently drop all RSVP-TE messages (except Hello messages) it
receives from any neighbor to which no HELLO session has been
established.
The restarting node should follow [RFC3209] to establish Hello
sessions with its neighbors, after its control plane becomes
operational.
The restarting node resumes processing of RSVP-TE messages sent from
each neighbor to which the Hello session has been established.
7. Security Considerations
This document clarifies the procedures defined in [RFC3473] and
[RFC5063] to be performed on RSVP agents that neighbor one or more
restarting RSVP agents. It does not introduce any new procedures
and, therefore, does not introduce any new security risks or issues.
In the case of the control plane in general, and the RSVP agent in
particular, where one or more nodes carrying one or more LSPs are
restarted due to external attacks, the procedures defined in
[RFC5063] and described in this document provide the ability for the
restarting RSVP agents to recover the RSVP state in each restarting
node corresponding to the LSPs, with the least possible perturbation
to the rest of the network. These procedures can be considered to
provide mechanisms by which the GMPLS network can recover from
physical attacks or from attacks on remotely controlled power
supplies.
The procedures described are such that only the neighboring RSVP
agents should notice the restart of a node, and hence only they need
to perform additional processing. This allows for a network with
active LSPs to recover LSP state gracefully from an external attack,
without perturbing the data/forwarding plane state and without
propagating the error condition in the control or data plane. In
other words, the effect of the restart (which might be the result of
an attack) does not spread into the network.
Note that concern has been expressed about the vulnerability of a
restarting node to false messages received from its neighbors. For
example, a restarting node might receive a false Path message with a
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Recovery_Label Object from an upstream neighbor, or a false
RecoveryPath message from its downstream neighbor. This situation
might arise in one of four cases:
- The message is spoofed and does not come from the neighbor at all.
- The message has been modified as it was traveling from the
neighbor.
- The neighbor is defective and has generated a message in error.
- The neighbor has been subverted and has a "rogue" RSVP agent.
The first two cases may be handled using standard RSVP authentication
and integrity procedures [RFC3209], [RFC3473]. If the operator is
particularly worried, the control plane may be operated using IPsec
[RFC4301], [RFC4302], [RFC4835], [RFC4306], and [RFC2411].
Protection against defective or rogue RSVP implementations is
generally hard-to-impossible. Neighbor-to-neighbor authentication
and integrity validation is, by definition, ineffective in these
situations. For example, if a neighbor node sends a Resv during
normal LSP setup, and if that message carries a Generalized_Label
Object carrying an incorrect label value, then the receiving LSR will
use the supplied value and the LSP will be set up incorrectly.
Alternatively, if a Path message is modified by an upstream LSR to
change the destination and explicit route, there is no way for the
downstream LSR to detect this, and the LSP may be set up to the wrong
destination. Furthermore, the upstream LSR could disguise this fact
by modifying the recorded route reported in the Resv message. Thus,
these issues are in no way specific to the restart case, do not cause
any greater or different problems from the normal case, and do not
warrant specific security measures applicable to restart scenarios.
Note that the RSVP Policy_Data Object [RFC2205] provides a scope by
which secure end-to-end checks could be applied. However, very
little definition of the use of this object has been made to date.
See [MPLS-SEC] for a wider discussion of security in MPLS and GMPLS
networks.
8. Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Adrian Farrel, Dimitri Papadimitriou, and Lou
Berger for their useful comments.
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RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC2209] Braden, R. and L. Zhang, "Resource ReSerVation Protocol
(RSVP) -- Version 1 Message Processing Rules", RFC 2209,
September 1997.
[RFC3209] Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T., Srinivasan, V.,
and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP
Tunnels", RFC 3209, December 2001.
[RFC3473] Berger, L., Ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation
Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions", RFC
3473, January 2003.
[RFC5063] Satyanarayana, A., Ed., and R. Rahman, Ed., "Extensions to
GMPLS Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Graceful
Restart", RFC 5063, October 2007.
9.2. Informative References
[MPLS-SEC] Fang, L., "Security Framework for MPLS and GMPLS
Networks", Work in Progress, November 2008.
[RFC2205] Braden, R., Ed., Zhang, L., Berson, S., Herzog, S., and S.
Jamin, "Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) -- Version 1
Functional Specification", RFC 2205, September 1997.
[RFC2411] Thayer, R., Doraswamy, N., and R. Glenn, "IP Security
Document Roadmap", RFC 2411, November 1998.
[RFC4301] Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.
[RFC4302] Kent, S., "IP Authentication Header", RFC 4302, December
2005.
[RFC4306] Kaufman, C., Ed., "Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2)
Protocol", RFC 4306, December 2005.
[RFC4835] Manral, V., "Cryptographic Algorithm Implementation
Requirements for Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and
Authentication Header (AH)", RFC 4835, April 2007.
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RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009
Authors' Addresses
Dan Li
Huawei Technologies
F3-5-B R&D Center, Huawei Base,
Shenzhen 518129, China
Phone: +86 755 28970230
EMail: danli@huawei.com
Jianhua Gao
Huawei Technologies
F3-5-B R&D Center, Huawei Base,
Shenzhen 518129, China
Phone: +86 755 28972902
EMail: gjhhit@huawei.com
Arun Satyanarayana
Cisco Systems
170 West Tasman Dr
San Jose, CA 95134, USA
Phone: +1 408 853-3206
EMail: asatyana@cisco.com
Snigdho C. Bardalai
Fujitsu Network Communications
2801 Telecom Parkway
Richardson, Texas 75082, USA
Phone: +1 972 479 2951
EMail: snigdho.bardalai@us.fujitsu.com
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RFC, FYI, BCP