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Dynamic Trunking Protocol

Abkürzung: DTP

Kategorie: Netzwerkprotokolle
 

Das Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) ist ein Netzwerkprotokoll, zur Konfiguration von Trunks. DTP wurde von Cisco entwickelt.

Über DTP wird auch die Encapsulation (ISL, IEEE 802.1q) eines Trunks ausgehandelt. DTP ist auf den aktuellen Switching-Plattformen von Cisco per default aktiviert. Aktiviert wird DTP auf einem Interface mit dem Kommando: 

CISCO-IOS-SWITCH(config-if)#no switchport nonegotiate

Gigabit-Interface mit aktiviertem DTP

CISCO-IOS-SWITCH#sh run interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 97 bytes
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport mode trunk
end

show interfaces mit aktiviertem DTP

CISCO-IOS-SWITCH#sh interfaces gigabitEthernet 0/1 switchport
Name: Gi0/1
Switchport: Enabled
Administrative Mode: trunk
Operational Mode: trunk
Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Negotiation of Trunking: On
Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled
Voice VLAN: none
Administrative private-vlan host-association: none
Administrative private-vlan mapping: none
Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none
Administrative private-vlan trunk Native VLAN tagging: enabled
Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: dot1q
Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none
Administrative private-vlan trunk private VLANs: none
Operational private-vlan: none
Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL
Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001
Capture Mode Disabled
Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL

Protected: false
Unknown unicast blocked: disabled
Unknown multicast blocked: disabled
Appliance trust: none

Gigabit-Interface mit deaktiviertem DTP

CISCO-IOS-SWITCH#sh run interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 121 bytes
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport nonegotiate
end

show interfaces mit deaktiviertem DTP

CISCO-IOS-SWITCH#sh interfaces gigabitEthernet 0/1 switchport
Name: Gi0/1
Switchport: Enabled
Administrative Mode: trunk
Operational Mode: trunk
Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Negotiation of Trunking: Off
Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled
Voice VLAN: none
Administrative private-vlan host-association: none
Administrative private-vlan mapping: none
Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none
Administrative private-vlan trunk Native VLAN tagging: enabled
Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: dot1q
Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none
Administrative private-vlan trunk private VLANs: none
Operational private-vlan: none
Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL
Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001
Capture Mode Disabled
Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL

Protected: false
Unknown unicast blocked: disabled
Unknown multicast blocked: disabled
Appliance trust: none

Beispiel für einen DTP-Frame (aufgezeichnet mit Ethereal)

No.     Time        Source                Destination           Protocol Info
     78 96.434442   Cisco_5f:44:a0        CDP/VTP               DTP      Dynamic Trunking Protocol

Frame 78 (90 bytes on wire, 90 bytes captured)
    Arrival Time: Dec  24, 2005 20:32:42.886006000
    Time delta from previous packet: 0.000140000 seconds
    Time since reference or first frame: 96.434442000 seconds
    Frame Number: 78
    Packet Length: 90 bytes
    Capture Length: 90 bytes
    Protocols in frame: eth:eth:llc:dtp
ISL
    Destination: 01000C0000
    0000 .... = Type: Ethernet (0)
    .... 0000 = User: Best effort (default priority) (0)
    Source: Cisco_5f:44:a0 (00:0a:b7:5f:44:a0)
    Length: 76
    DSAP: 0xAA
    SSAP: 0xAA
    Control: 0x3
    HSA: 0x00000c
    0000 0000 0000 001. = VLAN ID: 0x0001
    .... .... .... ...1 = BPDU: Yes
    Index: 0
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet 
    Destination: CDP/VTP (01:00:0c:cc:cc:cc)
    Source: Cisco_5f:44:a0 (00:0a:b7:5f:44:a0)
    Length: 46
    Frame check sequence: 0x3017503b [correct]
Logical-Link Control
    DSAP: SNAP (0xaa)
    IG Bit: Individual
    SSAP: SNAP (0xaa)
    CR Bit: Command
    Control field: U, func=UI (0x03)
        000. 00.. = Command: Unnumbered Information (0x00)
        .... ..11 = Frame type: Unnumbered frame (0x03)
    Organization Code: Cisco (0x00000c)
    PID: DTP (0x2004)
Dynamic Trunking Protocol
    Version: 0x01
    Trunk Name: Distribution
        Type: Trunk Name (0x0001)
        Length: 17
        Trunk Name: Distribution
    Type 2: 0x03
        Type: Type 2 (0x0002)
        Length: 5
        Type 2: 0x03
    Type 3: 0x40
        Type: Type 3 (0x0003)
        Length: 5
        Type 3: 0x40
    Some MAC: 00:0a:b7:5f:44:a0
        Type: Some MAC (0x0004)
        Length: 10
        Some MAC: Cisco_5f:44:a0 (00:0a:b7:5f:44:a0)

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Suchbegriffe: VLAN